The breaking of flavor democracy in the quark sector

Harald Fritzsch; Zhi-Zhong Xing; Di Zhang

doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/9/093104

Chinese Physics C> 2017, Vol. 41> Issue(9) : 093104 DOI: 10.1088/1674-1137/41/9/093104

The breaking of flavor democracy in the quark sector

1.
Physics Department, Ludwig Maximilians University, D-80333 Munich, Germany
2.
Institute of High Energy Physics, and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3.
Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100080, China
4.
College of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China

Abstract
HTML
Reference
Related

PDF

Abstract：
The democracy of quark flavors is a well-motivated flavor symmetry, but it must be properly broken in order to explain the observed quark mass spectrum and flavor mixing pattern. We reconstruct the texture of flavor democracy breaking and evaluate its strength in a novel way, by assuming a parallelism between the Q=+2/3 and Q=-1/3 quark sectors and using a nontrivial parametrization of the flavor mixing matrix. Some phenomenological implications of such democratic quark mass matrices, including their variations in the hierarchy basis and their evolution from the electroweak scale to a super-high energy scale, are also discussed.
- flavor democracy ,
- quark mass ,
- flavor mixing ,
- CP violation

References

[1]	Z. Z. Xing, H. Zhang, and S. Zhou, Phys. Rev. D, 77:113016(2008); Phys. Rev. D, 86:013013(2012)
[2]	H. Harari, H. Haut, and J. Weyers, Phys. Lett. B, 78:459(1978)
[3]	See, e.g., Y. Koide, Z. Phys. C, 45:39(1989); M. Tanimoto, Phys. Rev. D, 42:252(1990); P. Kaus and S. Meshkov, Phys. Rev. D, 42:1863(1990); H. Fritzsch and J. Plankl, Phys. Lett. B, 237:451(1990); G. C. Branco, J. I. Silva-Marcos, and M. N. Rebelo, Phys. Lett. B, 237:446(1990); H. Fritzsch and D. Holtmanspmtter, Phys. Lett. B, 338:290(1994); G. C. Branco and J.I. Silva-Marcos, Phys. Lett. B, 359:166(1995); Z. Z. Xing, J. Phys. G, 23:1563(1997); V. V. Kiselev, hep-ph/9806523; A. Mondragmn and E. Rodriguez-Jmuregui, Phys. Rev. D, 59:093009(1999)
[4]	Z. Z. Xing, D. S. Yang, and S. Zhou, Phys. Lett. B, 690:304(2010)
[5]	A. Kleppe, arXiv:1608.08988
[6]	H. Fritzsch and Z. Z. Xing, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys., 45:1(2000)
[7]	H. Fritzsch and Z. Z. Xing, Phys. Lett. B, 413:396(1997); Phys. Rev. D, 57:594(1998)
[8]	P. H. Frampton and C. Jarlskog, Phys. Lett. B, 154:421(1985)
[9]	P. M. Fishbane and P. Q. Hung, Phys. Rev. D, 45:293(1992)
[10]	L. Wolfenstein, Phys. Rev. Lett., 51:1945(1983)
[11]	C. Patrignani et al (Particle Data Group), Chin. Phys. C, 40:100001(2016)
[12]	P. Koppenburg and S. Descotes-Genon, arXiv:1702.08834
[13]	Z. Z. Xing, Phys. Lett. B, 679:111(2009); S. Luo and Z. Z. Xing, J. Phys. G, 37:075018(2010)
[14]	H. Fritzsch, Phys. Lett. B, 70:436(1977); S. Weinberg, in Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences:38:185(1977); F. Wilczek and A. Zee, Phys. Lett. B 70:418(1977).
[15]	H. Fritzsch, Phys. Lett. B, 73:317(1978); Nucl. Phys. B, 155:189(1979); H. Fritzsch and Z. Z. Xing, Nucl. Phys. B, 556:49(1999)
[16]	C. D. Froggatt and H. B. Nielsen, Nucl. Phys. B, 147:277(1979)
[17]	D. S. Du and Z. Z. Xing, Phys. Rev. D, 48:2349(1993)
[18]	H. Fritzsch and Z. Z. Xing, Phys. Lett. B, 555:63(2003); Z. Z. Xing and H. Zhang, J. Phys. G, 30:129(2004)
[19]	Z. Z. Xing and Z. H. Zhao, Nucl. Phys. B, 897:302(2015); Rept. Prog. Phys., 79:076201(2016)
[20]	K. S. Babu, Z. Phys. C, 35:69(1987); K. S. Babu and Q. Shafi, Phys. Rev. D, 47:5004(1993)
[21]	Z. Z. Xing, J. Phys. G, 23:1563(1997); Phys. Rev. D, 68:073008(2003)

[1]	Qing-Wu Wang , Xiao-Fu Łü , Hua-Zhong Guo . $ {\boldsymbol\rho\bf\to \boldsymbol\pi\boldsymbol\pi }$ Hadronic Decay in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio Model: Mass-Width Interplay and Beyond-RPA Corrections. Chinese Physics C, 2026, 50(2): 1-7.
[2]	Abdel Magied DIAB . Charmed meson structure across crossover from SU(4) Polyakov quark meson model with isospin asymmetry. Chinese Physics C, 2026, 50(1): 013101. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ae042d
[3]	Minghui Ding , Fei Gao , Sebastian M. Schmidt . Anisotropic quark propagation and Zeeman effect in an external magnetic field. Chinese Physics C, 2026, 50(2): 1-19.
[4]	Ayan Banerjee , Indrani Karar , Javlon Rayimbaev , Inomjon Ibragimov , Sardor Murodov , Sokhibjan Muminov , Sardor Jumaniyozov . Existence of quark stars in gravity's Rainbow: the significance of strongly interacting quark matter. Chinese Physics C, 2026, 50(2): 1-12.
[5]	Renli Xu , Chen Wu , Jian Liu , Bin Hong , Jie Peng , Xiong Li , Ruxian Zhu , Zhizhen Zhao , Zhongzhou Ren . Ground-state properties of finite nuclei in relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory with an improved quark mass density-dependent model. Chinese Physics C, 2026, 50(2): 1-12.
[6]	Yifang Wang , Zhi-zhong Xing , Shun Zhou . Towards a detection of reactor ${\overline {\boldsymbol v}_{\boldsymbol e} \bf\to \overline {\boldsymbol v}_{\boldsymbol\mu} }$ and ${\overline {\boldsymbol v}_{\boldsymbol e} \bf\to \overline {\boldsymbol v}_{\boldsymbol\tau} }$ oscillations with possible CP violation. Chinese Physics C, 2026, 50(2): 1-7.
[7]	Masaki J. S. Yang . Rephasing invariant formulae for CP phases in general parameterizations of flavor mixing matrix and exact sum rules with unitarity triangles. Chinese Physics C, 2026, 50(2): 1-5.
[8]	Ruifeng Zheng , Puxian Wei , Qiaoli Yang . Generation of axions and axion-like particles through mass parametric resonance induced by scalar perturbations in the early universe. Chinese Physics C, 2025, 49(12): 125108. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/adfa82
[9]	Sneha Pradhan , S. K. Maurya , A. Errehymy , G. Mustafa , P.K. Sahoo . Gravitationally deformed polytropic models in extended teleparallel gravity and influence of decoupling parameters on constraining mass-radius relation. Chinese Physics C, 2025, 49(10): 105110. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ade4a1
[10]	Xiaoxuan Lin , Wei Kou , Shixin Fu , Rong Wang , Chengdong Han , Xurong Chen . Revisiting the deuteron mass radius via near-threshold ρ⁰, ω, and ϕ meson photoproduction. Chinese Physics C, 2025, 49(10): 103105. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ade1c9
[11]	Shuang Qu , Jin-Yan Zhang , Man Bao . Nuclear mass predictions with a Bayesian neural network. Chinese Physics C, 2025, 49(10): 104106. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ade958
[12]	Yi Wei Hao , Yi Fei Niu , Zhong Ming Niu . The Role of Fission in Mass Sensitivity Study of the r-process. Chinese Physics C, 2025, 49(): 1-7. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/adfe55
[13]	Gao-Xiang Fang , Ye-Ling Zhou . Fermion masses and mixing in SO(10) GUT with a universal two-zero texture. Chinese Physics C, 2025, 49(10): 103107. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ade6d7
[14]	. Search for the lepton number violation decay ω→π⁺π⁺e⁻e⁻+c.c.. Chinese Physics C, 2025, 49(10): 103002. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ade955
[15]	. SU(3) flavor symmetry analysis of hyperon non-leptonic two body decays. Chinese Physics C, 2025, 49(12): 123101. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/adf1f1
[16]	Xiaocong Ai , Wolfgang Altmannshofer , Peter Athron , Xiaozhi Bai , Lorenzo Calibbi , Lu Cao , Yuzhi Che , Chunhui Chen , Ji-Yuan Chen , Long Chen , Mingshui Chen , Shanzhen Chen , Xuan Chen , Shan Cheng , Cheng-Wei Chiang , Andreas Crivellin , Hanhua Cui , Olivier Deschamps , Sébastien Descotes-Genon , Xiaokang Du , Shuangshi Fang , Yu Gao , Yuanning Gao , Li-Sheng Geng , Pablo Goldenzweig , Jiayin Gu , Feng-Kun Guo , Yuchen Guo , Zhi-Hui Guo , Tao Han , Hong-Jian He , Jibo He , Miao He , Xiaogang He , Yanping Huang , Gino Isidori , Quan Ji , Jianfeng Jiang , Xu-Hui Jiang , Jernej F. Kamenik , Tsz Hong Kwok , Gang Li , Geng Li , Haibo Li , Haitao Li , Hengne Li , Honglei Li , Liang Li , Lingfeng Li , Qiang Li , Qiang Li , Shu Li , Xiaomei Li , Xin-Qiang Li , Yiming Li , Yubo Li , Yuji Li , Zhao Li , Hao Liang , Zhijun Liang , Libo Liao , Zoltan Ligeti , Jia Liu , Jianbei Liu , Tao Liu , Yi Liu , Yong Liu , Zhen Liu , Xinchou Lou , Peng-Cheng Lu , Alberto Lusiani , Hong-Hao Ma , Kai Ma , Farvah Mahmoudi , Yajun Mao , Yaxian Mao , David Marzocca , Juan-Juan Niu , Soeren Prell , Huirong Qi , Sen Qian , Zhuoni Qian , Qin Qin , Ariel Rock , Jonathan L. Rosner , Manqi Ruan , Dingyu Shao , Chengping Shen , Xiaoyan Shen , Haoyu Shi , Liaoshan Shi , Zong-Guo Si , Cristian Sierra , Huayang Song , Shufang Su , Wei Su , Zhijia Sun , Michele Tammaro , Dayong Wang , En Wang , Fei Wang , Hengyu Wang , Jian Wang , Jianchun Wang , Kun Wang , Lian-Tao Wang , Wei Wang , Xiaolong Wang , Xiaoping Wang , Yadi Wang , Yifang Wang , Yuexin Wang , Xing-Gang Wu , Yongcheng Wu , Rui-Qing Xiao , Ke-Pan Xie , Yuehong Xie , Zijun Xu , Haijun Yang , Hongtao Yang , Lin Yang , Shuo Yang , Zhongbao Yin , Fusheng Yu , Changzheng Yuan , Xing-Bo Yuan , Xuhao Yuan , Chongxing Yue , Xi-Jie Zhan , Hong-Hao Zhang , Kaili Zhang , Liming Zhang , Xiaoming Zhang , Yang Zhang , Yanxi Zhang , Ying Zhang , Yongchao Zhang , Yu Zhang , Zhen-Hua Zhang , Zhong Zhang , Mingrui Zhao , Qiang Zhao , Xu-Chang Zheng , Yangheng Zheng , Chen Zhou , Daicui Zhou , Pengxuan Zhu , Yongfeng Zhu , Xuai Zhuang , Xunwu Zuo , Jure Zupan . Flavor physics at the CEPC: a general perspective. Chinese Physics C, 2025, 49(10): 103003. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/adf1f0
[17]	LIANG Jun , LIU Yan-Chun , ZHU Qiao . Thermodynamics of noncommutative geometry inspired black holes based on Maxwell-Boltzmann smeared mass distribution. Chinese Physics C, 2014, 38(2): 025101. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/38/2/025101
[18]	A.G.Drentje . Gas-mixing: Ion Cooling or Reduced Turbulent Heating?. Chinese Physics C, 2007, 31(S1): 162-164.
[19]	Guo Hua . In-medium QMC Model Parameters and Quark Condensation in Nuclear Matter. Chinese Physics C, 1999, 23(5): 459-468.
[20]	Yang Jianjun , Ma Boqiang , Li Guanglie . Non-perturbative Quark Propagator and the Study of the Non-trivial Q² Dependence in the Nucleon Structure Functions. Chinese Physics C, 1997, 21(2): 146-156.

Access

Get Citation

Harald Fritzsch, Zhi-Zhong Xing and Di Zhang. The breaking of flavor democracy in the quark sector[J]. Chinese Physics C, 2017, 41(9): 093104. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/41/9/093104

Harald Fritzsch, Zhi-Zhong Xing and Di Zhang. The breaking of flavor democracy in the quark sector[J]. Chinese Physics C, 2017, 41(9): 093104. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/41/9/093104 shu

RIS(for EndNote,Reference Manager,ProCite)

BibTex

Txt

Milestone

Received: 2017-05-04

Fund

Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11375207) and National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB834300)

Article Metric

Article Views(2727)
PDF Downloads(23)
Cited by(0)

Policy on re-use

To reuse of Open Access content published by CPC, for content published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license (“CC CY”), the users don’t need to request permission to copy, distribute and display the final published version of the article and to create derivative works, subject to appropriate attribution.

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

The breaking of flavor democracy in the quark sector

Abstract：

References

Access

Article Metrics

Metrics

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Email This Article

The breaking of flavor democracy in the quark sector

Corresponding author: Di Zhang,

HTML

目录