Reinvestigating B → PV decays by including contributions from ϕ_B2 with the perturbative QCD approach

B meson physics is an important and popular area of particle physics because of continuous impetus from experimental and theoretical efforts and pursuits. With the running of the Belle-II and LHCb experiments, an increasing number of B meson events will be accumulated, with an expected goal integrated luminosity of $50\ \rm ab^{-1}$ by the Belle-II detector at the $ e^{+}e^{-} $ SuperKEKB collider [1] and approximately $300\ \rm fb^{-1}$ by the LHCb detector at the future High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) hadron collider [2]. More than $ 10^{11} B_{u,d} $ mesons are expected to become available at the future CEPC [3] and FCC-ee [4] experiments based on approximately $ 10^{12} Z^{0} $ boson decays with a branching ratio $ {\cal B}(Z^{0}{\to}b\bar{b})\, {\approx} 15.12 $% [5] and a fragmentation fraction $ f(b{\to}B_{u}) {\approx} f(b{\to}B_{d}) \, {\approx} 41.8 $% [6]. With the gradual improvement of data processing technology, besides numerous new and unforeseen phenomena, higher precision measurements of B meson weak decays will be achieved. The experimental study of B meson decays is stepping into a golden age of big data and high precision. Higher requirements have been placed on the accuracy of theoretical calculations for B meson decays, which is the fundamental premise behind rigorous testing of the standard model (SM) of elementary particles, finding a solution to the discrepancies between data and theoretical expectations, and searching for new physics beyond the SM.

Owing to an inadequate understanding of the dynamic mechanisms of hadronization and quantum chromodynamics (QCD) behavior at low energy scales, the main uncertainties on various theoretical estimations for B meson decays arise from the hadronic matrix elements (HMEs) describing the transition from the involved quarks to hadrons. The calculation of nonleptonic B meson decays is especially complex because both the initial and final states are hadrons. Additionally, nonleptonic B decay modes are rich, and the study of these is interesting and significant. The measurement of nonleptonic B meson decays has been providing abundant information and various constraints on the SM, for example, the angles and sides of the commonly termed unitarity triangle, $ V_{ud}V_{ub}^{\ast} + V_{cd}V_{cb}^{\ast} + V_{td}V_{tb}^{\ast} = 0 $, arising from the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix [7, 8]. The method of dealing with HMEs as reasonably and reliably as possible is now a central and urgent issue in the theoretical calculation of nonleptonic B meson decays.

Based on the widely used Lepage-Brodsky procedure for exclusive processes with a large momentum transfer between hadrons [9] and the power counting rules in heavy quark limits, several attractive QCD-inspired methods, such as the perturbative QCD (PQCD) approach [10–16], QCD factorization (QCDF) approach [17–26], and soft and collinear effective theory [27–34], have been fully developed to evaluate HMEs for nonleptonic B meson decays, where HMEs are phenomenologically expressed as the convolution integral of the scattering amplitudes at the quark level and wave functions (WFs) (or distribution amplitudes (DAs)) at the hadronic level. The calculation accuracy of HMEs may be improved via the following two aspects together: The first is the scattering amplitudes, and the second is the hadronic WFs or DAs. Owing to the asymptotic freedom of QCD, the scattering amplitudes describing hard interactions among quarks are calculable, in principle, order by order with the perturbative quantum field theory. The higher order radiative corrections to HMEs are necessary and important for approaching the true values, reducing the dependence of theoretical results on the renormalization scale, obtaining strong phases closely related to the $C P$ violation, verifying models, and perfecting methods. In recent years, the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) corrections to HMEs have become available and have shown a large model sensitivity to the hadronic distribution amplitudes, for example, in Refs. [35–39]. The influences of WFs on HMEs are also significant; however, they have attracted relatively insufficient attention compared with the scattering amplitudes. There are numerous studies on nonleptonic B decays using the PQCD approach, which show that the theoretical uncertainties mainly originate from the parameters of the WFs or DAs, for example, in Refs. [40–55], and the actual contributions from the higher twist (for example, twist-3) DAs to the hadronic transition form factors are as important as those from the leading twist (twist-2) DAs [42–47] and those from the next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD radiative corrections to the scattering amplitudes [41, 46]. It has already been recognized from the numerical perspective that the effects from the higher twist hadronic DAs are considerably large rather than formally power suppressed.

In our recent study [41], $ B {\to} PP $ decays were systemically reinvestigated using the PQCD approach by considering contributions from B mesonic subleading twist WFs and the updated DAs of the final pseudoscalar mesons. It was found that the contribution from the B mesonic WFs $ {\phi}_{B2} $, which are usually paid less attention in calculations, have certain influences over HMEs and branching ratios and are comparable with those from the NLO corrections. In this work, a comprehensive study of the effects of the WFs $ {\phi}_{B2} $ and updated DAs of final states using the PQCD approach is extended to charmless $ B {\to} PV $ decays to match the precision improvement of theoretical and experimental results, where V denotes the ground $S U(3)$ vector mesons. Because of our inadequate understanding of the flavor mixing and possible glueball components, the final states of $ {\eta} $ and $ {\eta}^{\prime} $ mesons are not currently considered here, that is, $ P = {\pi} $ and K.

This paper is organized as follows. In Section II, the theoretical framework is briefly described. Definitions of kinematic variables and expressions for the WFs involved are presented in Sections III and IV, respectively. The contributions from different twist WFs to the form factors of $ B {\to} PV $ decays are quantitatively analyzed in Section V. In Section VI, the branching ratios and $C P$ asymmetries of the $ B {\to} PV $ decays are reevaluated by taking the B mesonic WFs $ {\phi}_{B2} $ into consideration. We conclude with a summary in Section VII. The decay amplitudes and amplitude building blocks for the $ B {\to} PV $ decays are displayed in Appendices A and B, respectively.

It is widely accepted that charmless nonleptonic $ B {\to} PV $ decays are predominantly induced by heavy b quark weak decays within the SM, that is, $ b {\to} W^{{\ast}-} + u $. There are at least three energy scales, the mass of the $ W^{\pm} $ gauge boson $ m_{W} $, the mass of the b quark $ m_{b} $, and the QCD characteristic scale $ {\Lambda}_{\rm QCD} $, with the hierarchical relationship $ m_{W} {\gg} m_{b} {\gg} {\Lambda}_{\rm QCD} $ and each energy scale corresponding to a different interaction dynamic. Based on the operator product expansion and renormalization group (RG) method, the effective Hamiltonian in charge of charmless $ B {\to} PV $ decays can be factorized by the renormalization scale $ {\mu} $ into three parts, the Wilson coefficients $ C_{i} $, four-quark operators $ Q_{i} $, and $ {\mu} $-independent couplings of weak interactions, including the Fermi constant $G_{\rm F} {\approx} 1.166{\times}10^{-5} {\rm GeV}^{-2}$ [5] and CKM factors, and expressed as [56]

With the phenomenological Wolfenstein parametrization and up to $ {\cal O}({\lambda}^{8}) $, the CKM factors involved are expressed as

where A, $ {\lambda} $, $ {\rho} $, and $ {\eta} $ are the Wolfenstein parameters; their latest fitted values can be found in Ref. [5]. The Wilson coefficients $ C_{i} $ summarize physical contributions above the energy scale $ {\mu} $ and are computable using the RG-assisted perturbative theory. Their explicit expressions, including the NLO corrections, can be found in Ref. [56]. The local four-quark operators are defined as follows:

where $ {\alpha} $ and $ {\beta} $ are the color indices, $ q^{\prime} {\in} $ $\{ u $, d, c, s, $ b\} $, and $ Q_{q^{\prime}} $ is the electric charge of quark $ q^{\prime} $ in the unit of $ {\vert}e{\vert} $. The physical contributions below the energy scale $ {\mu} $ are contained in the HMEs $ {\langle}Q_{i}{\rangle} = {\langle}PV{\vert}Q_{i}{\vert}B{\rangle} $, which are the focus of the current theoretical calculation.

The various treatments on HMEs depend on the different phenomenological approaches corresponding to the understanding of the perturbative and nonperturbative contributions. The joint effort of the transverse momentum for quarks and the Sudakov factors for all participant WFs is considered within the PQCD approach to settle the soft endpoint contributions from the collinear approximation. The master formula for HMEs with the PQCD approach is generally written as

where $ b_{i} $ is the conjugate variable of the transverse momentum $ \vec{k}_{i{\perp}} $ of the valence quarks, $ H_{i} $ is the scattering amplitudes for hard gluon exchange interactions among quarks, and ${\rm e}^{-S_{i}}$ is the Sudakov factor. Other variables and inputs are described below.

It is usually assumed that in the heavy quark limit, light quarks rapidly move away from the b quark decaying point at near the speed of light. Moreover, light cone variables are generally used in expressions. The relations between the four-dimensional space-time coordinates $ x^{\mu} = $ ($ x^{0} $, $ x^{1} $, $ x^{2} $, $ x^{3} $) $ = $ (t, x, y, z) and the light-cone coordinates $ x^{\mu} = $ ($ x^{+} $, $ x^{-} $, $ \vec{x}_{\perp} $) are defined as $ x^{\pm} = (x^{0}{\pm}x^{3})/\sqrt{2} $ and $ \vec{x}_{\perp} = $ ($ x^{1} $, $ x^{2} $). The light cone planes correspond to $ x^{\pm} = 0 $. The scalar product of any two vectors is given by $a{\cdot}b = a_{\mu}b^{\mu} = a^{+}b^{-} + a^{-}b^{+} - \vec{a}_{\perp}{\cdot}\vec{b}_{\perp}$.

In the rest frame of the B meson, the light cone kinematic variables are defined as

where the mass ratio $ r_{V} = m_{V}/m_{B} $, $ e^{\parallel}_{V} $ is the longitudinal polarization vector, and the variables $ x_{1} $ and $ \vec{k}_{1{\perp}} $ are the longitudinal momentum fraction and transverse momentum of the light quark in the B meson, respectively. The variables $ x_{i} $ and $ \vec{k}_{i{\perp}} $ for $ i = 2 $ and $ 3 $ are the longitudinal momentum fractions and transverse momentum of the antiquarks in the final pseudoscalar and vector mesons, respectively.

B mesonic WFs are generally defined as [41–43, 57, 58]

where $ f_{B} $ is the decay constant. The coordinate z of the light quark and the vectors $ n_{+} = $ ($ 1 $, $ 0 $, $ \vec{0} $) and $ n_{-} = $ ($ 0 $, $ 1 $, $ \vec{0} $) are on the light cone, that is, $ z^{2} = 0 $ and $ n_{\pm}^{2} = 0 $. The scalar functions $ {\phi}_{B}^{+} $ and $ {\phi}_{B}^{-} $ are the leading and subleading twist WFs, respectively. $ {\phi}_{B}^{+} $ and $ {\phi}_{B}^{-} $ have different asymptotic behaviors as the longitudinal momentum fraction of the light quark $ x_{1} {\to} 0 $. Their relations are

Although the expressions of $ {\phi}_{B}^{+} $ are generally different from those of $ {\phi}_{B}^{-} $ with the equation of motion Eq. (25), an approximation of $ {\phi}_{B}^{+} = {\phi}_{B}^{-} $ is often used in phenomenological studies of nonleptonic B meson decays, that is, only contributions from $ {\phi}_{B1} $ are considered, and those from $ {\phi}_{B2} $ are absent. However, it has been shown in Refs. [40–46] that $ {\phi}_{B2} $ is necessary to HMEs rather than a negligible factor, and its contributions to the form factors $ F_{0}^{B{\to}{\pi}} $ with the PQCD approach can even reach up to $ 30 $% in certain cases [42, 43]. Additionally, its share of the branching ratio could be as large as those from NLO corrections [41]. The possible influence of $ {\phi}_{B2} $ on $ B {\to} PV $ decays with the PQCD approach is a focus of this paper. One candidate for the most commonly used leading B mesonic WFs $ {\phi}_{B}^{+} $ in actual calculations with the PQCD approach is expressed as [14]

and the corresponding B mesonic WFs $ {\phi}_{B}^{-} $ is written as [41, 42]

where $ {\omega}_{B} $ is the shape parameter, and $ \bar{x}_{1} = 1 - x_{1} $. The normalization constant N is determined by

The WFs of the final states including the light pseudoscalar mesons and longitudinally polarized vector mesons are respectively defined as [59–62]

where $ f_{P} $, $ f_{V}^{\parallel} $, and $ f_{V}^{\perp} $ are the decay constants, $ {\phi}_{P}^{a} $ and $ {\phi}_{V}^{v} $ are the twist-2 WFs, and $ {\phi}_{P}^{p,t} $ and $ {\phi}_{V}^{t,s} $ are the twist-3 WFs. It has been previously shown that the numerical values of the form factor $ F_{0,1}^{B{\to}{\pi}} $ were highly dependent on the models for pionic WFs [42, 44–46], and the contributions from the twist-3 pionic DAs to $ F_{0,1}^{B{\to}{\pi}} $ were larger than those from twist-2 pionic DAs [42, 45, 46]. According to the convention of Refs. [61, 62], and taking the pseudoscalar $ P = K $ meson and vector $ V = K^{\ast} $ meson as an example, their DAs are written as

where x is the longitudinal momentum fraction of the strange quark, and $ {\xi} = x - \bar{x} = 2\,x - 1 $. $ C_{n}^{m} $ is the Gegenbauer polynomials. $ a_{n}^{K} $, $ a_{n}^{{\parallel},K^{\ast}} $, and $ a_{n}^{{\perp},K^{\ast}} $ are the Gegenbauer moments. The dimensionless parameters ${\rho}_{+}^{K} = (m_{s}+ m_{q})^{2}/m_{K}^{2}$ and $ {\rho}_{-}^{K} = (m_{s}^{2}-m_{q}^{2})/m_{K}^{2} $ [61].

The shape lines of mesonic DAs with the inputs in Table 1 are displayed in Fig. 1. From this, the following is clear: (1) The nonzero distributions of $ {\phi}_{B}^{\pm} $ are mainly located in the small x regions, and $ {\phi}_{B}^{\pm} $ vanishes as $ {x} {\to} 1 $. This fact is consistent with the intuitive expectation that the light quark shares a small longitudinal momentum fraction in the B meson. (2) The shape lines of $ {\phi}_{B}^{-} $ differ from those of $ {\phi}_{B}^{+} $ in the small x regions. It is particularly noticeable that the DAs $ {\phi}_{B}^{-} $ and $ {\phi}_{B}^{+} $ exhibit different endpoint behaviors at $ x = 0 $. Thus, it is clear that ${\phi}_{B2} = {\phi}_{B}^{+} - {\phi}_{B}^{-} {\ne} 0$, and the approximation $ {\phi}_{B2} = 0 $ in previous studies might be inappropriate and insufficient. (3) The integral ${\int}{\rm d}x\frac{{\phi}_{B}^{-}}{x}$ will appear in the scattering amplitudes, for example, the form factors for the transition from the B meson to final hadrons. The value of $ {\phi}_{B}^{-} $ increases with a decrease in x, which implies that the integrals ${\int}{\rm d}x\frac{{\phi}_{B}^{-}}{x}$ and ${\int}{\rm d}x\frac{{\phi}_{B2}}{x}$ may be significant in the small x regions. The potential contributions from the subleading DAs $ {\phi}_{B}^{-} $ could be greatly enhanced when x approaches zero and should be given due consideration in the calculation. (4) The values of $ {\phi}_{B}^{-} $ and $ {\phi}_{B2} $ are nonzero at the endpoint $ x = 0 $; therefore, the integral ${\int}{\rm d}x\frac{{\phi}_{B2}}{x}$ will be infrared divergent at the endpoint with the collinear approximation. This fact indicates that it may be reasonable and necessary for the PQCD approach to conciliate the nonperturbative contributions by considering the effects of the transverse momentum of valence quarks and the Sudakov factors. (5) The distributions of $ {\phi}_{B}^{\pm} $ are sensitive to the shape parameter $ {\omega}_{B} $. The larger the value of $ {\omega}_{B} $, the wider distributions of $ {\phi}_{B}^{\pm} $. The theoretical results with the PQCD approach will depend on the choice of $ {\omega}_{B} $. (6) The expressions for the DAs $ {\phi}_{P}^{a,p,t} $ and $ {\phi}_{V}^{v,t,s} $ are different from their asymptotic forms. With respect to the exchange $ x {\leftrightarrow} \bar{x} $, the DAs $ {\phi}_{\pi}^{a,p} $ and $ {\phi}_{{\rho},{\phi},{\omega}}^{v,t} $ are entirely symmetric, and the twist-3 DAs $ {\phi}_{\pi}^{t} $ and $ {\phi}_{{\rho},{\phi},{\omega}}^{s} $ are entirely antisymmetric, whereas the kaonic DAs $ {\phi}_{K}^{a,p,t} $ and $ {\phi}_{K^{\ast}}^{v,t,s} $ are asymmetric.

Wolfenstein parameters of the CKM matrix [5]
$ A = 0.790^{+0.017}_{-0.012} $	$ {\lambda} = 0.22650{\pm}0.00048 $	$ \bar{\rho} = 0.141^{+0.016}_{-0.017} $	$ \bar{\eta} = 0.357{\pm}0.011 $
mass of particle (in the unit of MeV) [5]
$ m_{{\pi}^{\pm}} = 139.57 $	$ m_{K^{\pm}} = 493.677{\pm}0.016 $	$ m_{\rho} = 775.26{\pm}0.25 $	$ m_{K^{{\ast}{\pm}}} = 895.5{\pm}0.8 $
$ m_{{\pi}^{0}} = 134.98 $	$ m_{K^{0}} = 497.611{\pm}0.013 $	$ m_{\omega} = 782.65{\pm}0.12 $	$ m_{K^{{\ast}0}} = 895.55{\pm}0.20 $
$ m_{B_{u}} = 5279.34{\pm}0.12 $	$ m_{B_{d}} = 5279.65{\pm}0.12 $	$ m_{\phi} = 1019.461{\pm}0.016 $
decay constants (in the unit of MeV)
$ f_{\rho}^{\parallel} = 216{\pm}3 $ [62]	$ f_{\omega}^{\parallel} = 187{\pm}5 $ [62]	$ f_{\phi}^{\parallel} = 215{\pm}5 $ [62]	$ f_{K^{\ast}}^{\parallel} = 220{\pm}5 $ [62]
$ f_{\rho}^{\perp} = 165{\pm}9 $ [62]	$ f_{\omega}^{\perp} = 151{\pm}9 $ [62]	$ f_{\phi}^{\perp} = 186{\pm}9 $ [62]	$ f_{K^{\ast}}^{\perp} = 185{\pm}10 $ [62]
$ f_{B} = 190.0{\pm}1.3 $ [5]	$ f_{{\pi}} = 130.2{\pm}1.2 $ [5]	$ f_{K} = 155.7{\pm}0.3 $ [5]
Gegenbauer moments on the scale of $ {\mu} = 1 $ GeV [61, 62]
$ a_{2}^{{\parallel},{\rho},{\omega}} = 0.15{\pm}0.07 $	$ a_{2}^{{\parallel},{\phi}} = 0.18{\pm}0.08 $	$ a_{1}^{{\parallel},K^{\ast}} = 0.03{\pm}0.02 $	$ a_{2}^{{\parallel},K^{\ast}} = 0.11{\pm}0.09 $
$ a_{2}^{{\perp},{\rho},{\omega}} = 0.14{\pm}0.06 $	$ a_{2}^{{\perp},{\phi}} = 0.14{\pm}0.07 $	$ a_{1}^{{\perp},K^{\ast}} = 0.04{\pm}0.03 $	$ a_{2}^{{\perp},K^{\ast}} = 0.10{\pm}0.08 $
$ a_{1}^{{\pi},{\rho},{\omega},{\phi}} = 0 $	$ a_{2}^{\pi} = 0.25{\pm}0.15 $	$ a_{1}^{K} = 0.06{\pm}0.03 $	$ a_{2}^{K} = 0.25{\pm}0.15 $

Table 1.  Values of input parameters, where their central values are regarded as the default inputs unless otherwise specified.

Figure 1.  (color online) Shape lines of the DAs $ {\phi}_{B}^{\pm} $ (a), $ {\phi}_{K}^{a,p,t} $ (b), $ {\phi}_{\pi}^{a,p,t} $ (c), $ {\phi}_{V}^{v} $ (d), $ {\phi}_{V}^{t} $ (e), and $ {\phi}_{V}^{s} $ (f) versus the longitudinal momentum fraction x (horizontal axis).

As far as we know, the implications of hadronic WFs on transition form factors have been carefully studied with the PQCD approach in Refs. [40–47], where HMEs for the transition form factors are expressed as the convolution integral of the scattering amplitudes and WFs of the initial and final mesons, and the lowest order approximation of the scattering amplitudes is illustrated with the one-gluon-exchange diagrams in Fig. 2.

Figure 2.  (color online) Diagrams contributing to the $ \overline{B} {\to} P $ V transition with the PQCD approach, where the dots denote an appropriate diquark current interaction, and the dashed boxes represent the scattering amplitudes.

It is well known that the two form factors, $ F_{1}(q^{2}) $ and $ A_{0}(q^{2}) $ corresponding to the vector and axial-vector currents of the weak interactions, respectively, are directly related to $ B {\to} PV $ decays. The detailed definitions and explicit expressions of form factors can be found in Ref. [43], where the contributions from the higher twist DAs are considered properly. The dependences of form factors on certain input parameters are shown in Fig. 3. It is clearly shown in Fig. 3 that (1) the form factors $ F_{1} $ and $ A_{0} $ are highly sensitive to the shape parameter $ {\omega}_{B} $ of B mesonic WFs and the contributions from $ {\phi}_{B2} $. In general, the values of the form factors $ F_{1} $ and $ A_{0} $ decrease with increasing $ {\omega}_{B} $. This type of regular phenomenon has also been found in previous studies [40–42, 44, 45, 48]. (2) In addition, the form factor $ F_{1} $ is also dependent on the value of the chiral parameter $ {\mu}_{P} $. For a more comprehensive analysis, the numerical results of the form factors with specific inputs are listed in Table 2. It is clear from Table 2 that (1) when the contributions from $ {\phi}_{B2} $ are not considered, the total share of the form factor $ F_{1} $ from the twist-3 DAs $ {\phi}_{P}^{p,t} $ of the recoiled light pseudoscalar meson far outweighs those from the leading twist DAs $ {\phi}_{P}^{a} $ and account for more than $ 60 $%. The total share of the form factor $ A_{0} $ from the twist-3 DAs $ {\phi}_{V}^{t,s} $ of the recoiled vector meson, which is approximately $ 60 $%, far exceeds those from the twist-2 DAs $ {\phi}_{V}^{v} $. (2) When only the contributions from the twist-2 DAs $ {\phi}_{P}^{a} $ and $ {\phi}_{V}^{v} $ are considered, the share of the form factors $ F_{1} $ and $ A_{0} $ from the B mesonic WFs $ {\phi}_{B2} $ is approximately $ 40 $%. (3) When the contributions from both the twist-2 and twist-3 DAs $ {\phi}_{P}^{a,p,t} $ and $ {\phi}_{V}^{v,t,s} $ are considered, the share of the form factors $ F_{1} $ and $ A_{0} $ from the B mesonic WFs $ {\phi}_{B2} $ is approximately $ 20 $%. The contributions from $ {\phi}_{B2} $ to the form factors have been investigated in previous studies [40–46]. The general consensus seems to be that the unnegligible contributions from $ {\phi}_{B2} $ to the form factors should be given due attention. Here, we would like to note that for arguments on the reliability of the perturbative calculation of the form factors using the PQCD approach, which is not the focus of this study, one can refer to detailed analyses, for example, in Refs. [43–45].

$ F_{1}^{B{\to}{\pi}}(0) $	$ {\phi}_{\pi}^{a} $	$ {\phi}_{\pi}^{p} $	$ {\phi}_{\pi}^{t} $	$ {\Sigma}_{\pi} $	$ {\phi}_{\pi}^{a}/{\Sigma}_{\pi} $	$ {\phi}_{\pi}^{p}/{\Sigma}_{\pi} $	$ {\phi}_{\pi}^{t}/{\Sigma}_{\pi} $
$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ 0.064 $	$ 0.106 $	$ 0.019 $	$ 0.188 $	$ 34.0 $	$ 56.0 $	$ 9.9 $
$ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ 0.045 $	$ -0.003 $	$ -0.000 $	$ 0.042 $	$ 107.5 $	$ -6.8 $	$ -0.7 $
$ {\Sigma}_{B} $	$ 0.109 $	$ 0.103 $	$ 0.018 $	$ 0.230 $	$ 47.4 $	$ 44.7 $	$ 8.0 $
$ {\phi}_{B2}/{\Sigma}_{B} $	$ 41.1 $	$ -2.8 $	$ -1.6 $	$ 18.1 $
$ F_{1}^{B{\to}K}(0) $	$ {\phi}_{K}^{a} $	$ {\phi}_{K}^{p} $	$ {\phi}_{K}^{t} $	$ {\Sigma}_{K} $	$ {\phi}_{K}^{a}/{\Sigma}_{K} $	$ {\phi}_{K}^{p}/{\Sigma}_{K} $	$ {\phi}_{K}^{t}/{\Sigma}_{K} $
$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ 0.081 $	$ 0.131 $	$ 0.018 $	$ 0.230 $	$ 35.3 $	$ 56.9 $	$ 7.8 $
$ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ 0.056 $	$ -0.004 $	$ -0.000 $	$ 0.053 $	$ 107.3 $	$ -6.9 $	$ -0.5 $
$ {\Sigma}_{B} $	$ 0.138 $	$ 0.127 $	$ 0.018 $	$ 0.282 $	$ 48.7 $	$ 45.0 $	$ 6.3 $
$ {\phi}_{B2}/{\Sigma}_{B} $	$ 41.0 $	$ -2.8 $	$ -1.4 $	$ 18.6 $
$ A_{0}^{B{\to}{\rho}}(0) $	$ {\phi}_{\rho}^{v} $	$ {\phi}_{\rho}^{t} $	$ {\phi}_{\rho}^{s} $	$ {\Sigma}_{\rho} $	$ {\phi}_{\rho}^{v}/{\Sigma}_{\rho} $	$ {\phi}_{\rho}^{t}/{\Sigma}_{\rho} $	$ {\phi}_{\rho}^{s}/{\Sigma}_{\rho} $
$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ 0.097 $	$ 0.090 $	$ 0.044 $	$ 0.231 $	$ 41.8 $	$ 39.1 $	$ 19.1 $
$ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ 0.069 $	$ -0.002 $	$ -0.001 $	$ 0.067 $	$ 103.6 $	$ -2.7 $	$ -0.9 $
$ {\Sigma}_{B} $	$ 0.166 $	$ 0.088 $	$ 0.044 $	$ 0.298 $	$ 55.7 $	$ 29.7 $	$ 14.6 $
$ {\phi}_{B2}/{\Sigma}_{B} $	$ 41.8 $	$ -2.0 $	$ -1.4 $	$ 22.4 $
$ A_{0}^{B{\to}K^{\ast}}(0) $	$ {\phi}_{K^{\ast}}^{v} $	$ {\phi}_{K^{\ast}}^{t} $	$ {\phi}_{K^{\ast}}^{s} $	$ {\Sigma}_{K^{\ast}} $	$ {\phi}_{K^{\ast}}^{v}/{\Sigma}_{K^{\ast}} $	$ {\phi}_{K^{\ast}}^{t}/{\Sigma}_{K^{\ast}} $	$ {\phi}_{K^{\ast}}^{s}/{\Sigma}_{K^{\ast}} $
$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ 0.098 $	$ 0.106 $	$ 0.052 $	$ 0.256 $	$ 38.1 $	$ 41.4 $	$ 20.5 $
$ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ 0.070 $	$ -0.003 $	$ -0.001 $	$ 0.067 $	$ 104.5 $	$ -3.7 $	$ -0.8 $
$ {\Sigma}_{B} $	$ 0.168 $	$ 0.104 $	$ 0.052 $	$ 0.323 $	$ 52.0 $	$ 32.0 $	$ 16.0 $
$ {\phi}_{B2}/{\Sigma}_{B} $	$ 42.0 $	$ -2.4 $	$ -1.1 $	$ 20.9 $

Table 2.  Contributions from different twist hadronic DAs to the form factors $ F_{1}(q^{2}) $ and $ A_{0}(q^{2}) $ at $ q^{2} = 0 $ using the PQCD approach, where $ {\omega}_{B} = 0.4 $ GeV, $ {\mu}_{P} = 1.4 $ GeV, $ {\Sigma}_{P} = {\phi}_{P}^{a} + {\phi}_{P}^{p} + {\phi}_{P}^{t} $, $ {\Sigma}_{V} = {\phi}_{V}^{v} + {\phi}_{V}^{t} + {\phi}_{V}^{s} $, and $ {\Sigma}_{B} = {\phi}_{B1} + {\phi}_{B2} $. The ratio $ {\phi}_{i}/{\Sigma}_{j} $ is expressed as a percentage.

Figure 3.  (color online) Contour plot of the form factors $ F_{1}(q^{2}) $ and $ A_{0}(q^{2}) $ at $ q^{2} = 0 $, where the values in (a, b, c, d) and (e, f, g, h) are calculated without and with contributions from $ {\phi}_{B2} $.

According to the above analysis, it is clear that the contributions from higher twist DAs are important to HMEs for nonleptonic B decays using the PQCD approach. In most phenomenological studies of $ B {\to} PV $ decays with the PQCD approach, the shares of both the twist-2 DAs ($ {\phi}_{P}^{a} $ and $ {\phi}_{V}^{v} $) and twist-3 DAs ($ {\phi}_{P}^{p,t} $ and $ {\phi}_{V}^{t,s} $) for the final mesons have been carefully and commonly considered, such as in Refs. [48–55]. In contrast, the possible influence of the B mesonic WFs $ {\phi}_{B}^{-} $ or $ {\phi}_{B2} $ on nonleptonic B decays garners significantly less attention. In this paper, our main purpose is to investigate the effects of the B mesonic WFs $ {\phi}_{B2} $ on $ B {\to} PV $ decays using the PQCD approach.

Leading order Feynman diagrams are shown in Fig. 4. The analytical expressions of each subdiagram amplitude are listed in Appendix B. It is clearly seen that (1) for the factorizable annihilation diagrams (e) and (f), the initial B meson is completely disconnected from the final state $ PV $ system, where the disconnected B meson corresponds to its decay constant and should have nothing to do with its WFs $ {\phi}_{B2} $. These arguments are fully verified by Eqs. (B31)–(B42). (2) For the emission diagrams (a-d) and the nonfactorizable annihilation diagrams (g-h), the B meson always connects with either one or two of the final states via one-gluon-exchange interactions. Therefore, these corresponding amplitudes would generally be affected by the B mesonic WFs $ {\phi}_{B2} $ and should be updated accordingly.

Figure 4.  (color online) Feynman diagrams contributing to $ \overline{B} {\to} PV $ decays with the PQCD approach, where $ M_{1,2} = P $ and V, the dots denote appropriate interactions, and the dashed circles represent the scattering amplitudes. (a) and (b) are factorizable emission diagrams. (c) and (d) are nonfactorizable emission diagrams. (e) and (f) are factorizable annihilation diagrams. (g) and (h) are nonfactorizable annihilation diagrams.

The decay amplitudes for $ B {\to} PV $ decays with the PQCD approach are expressed as the sum of a series of multidimensional convolutions,

where $ {\cal F}_{i} $ is the CKM factor, and the rescattering functions $ {\cal T}_{i} $ are represented by the dashed circles in Fig. 4. The calculation expressions for the $ B {\to} PV $ decays are listed in detail in Appendix A.

In the rest frame of the B meson, the $C P$-averaged branching ratios are defined as

where $ {\tau}_{B} $ is the lifetime of the B meson, $ {\tau}_{B_{u}} = 1.638(4) $ ps, and $ {\tau}_{B_{d}} = 1.519(4) $ ps [5]. $ p_{\rm cm} $ is the common center-of-mass momentum of final states.

For charged $ B_{u} $ meson decays, direct $C P$ violating asymmetry arising from interferences among different amplitudes is defined as

For neutral $ B_{d} $ meson decays, the effects of $ B^{0} $-$ \overline{B}^{0} $ mixing should be considered. Time-dependent $C P$ violating asymmetry is defined as

$C P$ violating asymmetries can, in principle, be divided into three cases according to the final states [5, 63, 64]. For the sake of simplification, the following conventional symbols will be defined and used:

● Case 1: The final states originate from either $ B^{0} $ decays or $ \overline{B}^{0} $ decays, but not both, that is, $ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} f $ and $ B^{0} {\to} \bar{f} $ with $ f {\ne} \bar{f} $, for example, the $ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} {\pi}^{+}K^{{\ast}-} $ decay. The $ C P $ asymmetries are immune to $ B^{0} $-$ \overline{B}^{0} $ mixing and have a similar definition to the direct $ C P $ asymmetry in Eq. (41).

● Case 2: The final states are the eigenstates of the $C P$ transformation, that is, $ f^{CP} = {\eta}_{f}\,\bar{f} $ with the eigenvalue $ {\vert}{\eta}_{f}{\vert} = 1 $. The final states can originate from both $ B^{0} $ decays and $ \overline{B}^{0} $ decays, that is, $ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} f {\gets} B^{0} $, for example, the $ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} {\pi}^{0}{\rho}^{0} $ decay.

For $ B^{0} $-$ \overline{B}^{0} $ mixing, the SM predicts that the ratio of the decay width difference $ {\Delta}{\Gamma} $ of mass eigenstates to the total decay width $ {\Gamma} $ is small, that is, $ {\Delta}{\Gamma}/{\Gamma} = 0.001{\pm}0.010 $, from data [5]. In the most general calculation, it is usually assumed that $ {\Delta}{\Gamma} = 0 $; thus, the $C P$ asymmetries can be expressed as [5]

where $ q/p = V_{tb}^{\ast}\,V_{td}/V_{tb}\,V_{td}^{\ast} $ describes $ B^{0} $-$ \overline{B}^{0} $ mixing. Sometimes, time-integrated $C P$ asymmetries are written as

with $ x = {\Delta}m/{\Gamma} = 0.769(4) $ [5] for the $ B^{0} $-$ \overline{B}^{0} $ system, where $ {\Delta}m = 0.5065(19)\,{\rm ps}^{-1} $ [5] is the mass difference of the mass eigenstates.

● Case 3: The final states are not the eigenstates of the $C P$ transformation; however, both f and $ \bar{f} $ are the common final states of $ \overline{B}^{0} $ and $ B^{0} $, that is, $ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} $ (f & $ \bar{f} $) $ {\gets} B^{0} $, for example, the $ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} {\pi}^{+}{\rho}^{-} $and $ {\pi}^{-}{\rho}^{+} $ decays.

The four time-dependent partial decay widths can be expressed as [63, 64]

with the following definitions:

Besides $ {\cal A}_{CP} $ in Eq.(48), $C P$ asymmetries can also be expressed by the physical quantities $ a_{{\epsilon}^{\prime}} $, $ a_{{\epsilon}+{\epsilon}^{\prime}} $, $ \bar{a}_{{\epsilon}^{\prime}} $, and $ \bar{a}_{{\epsilon}+{\epsilon}^{\prime}} $.

According to the previous analysis of the form factors in Fig. 3, it is natural to suppose that the theoretical results of the branching ratios would be strongly dependent on the shape parameter $ {\omega}_{B} $. In this paper, we optimize the parameter $ {\omega}_{B} $ using the minimum $ {\chi}^{2} $ method:

where $ {\cal B}_{i}^{\rm th.} $ and $ {\cal B}_{i}^{\rm exp.} $ denote the theoretical results and experimental data on the branching ratio, respectively. $ {\sigma}_{i} $ denotes the errors on the experimental measurements. The distribution of $ {\chi}^{2} $ vs the shape parameter $ {\omega}_{B} $ is shown in Fig. 5, where the contributions from the B mesonic WFs $ {\phi}_{B2} $ are considered. Three optimal scenarios of the shape parameter $ {\omega}_{B} $ corresponding to experimental data from the PDG, BaBar, and Belle groups are obtained with the chiral mass $ {\mu}_{P} = 1.4 $ GeV, that is,

Figure 5.  (color online) Distribution of $ {\chi}^{2} $ vs the shape parameter $ {\omega}_{B} $, where the red points at the arrowheads correspond to the optimal values.

● Scenario 1 (S1): $ {\omega}_{B} = 0.46 $ GeV from PDG data with $ {\chi}^{2}_{\rm min.} $/dof $ {\approx} 519/18 {\approx} 29 $,

● Scenario 2 (S2): $ {\omega}_{B} = 0.49 $ GeV from BaBar data with $ {\chi}^{2}_{\rm min.} $/dof $ {\approx} 238/16 {\approx} 15 $,

● Scenario 3 (S3): $ {\omega}_{B} = 0.43 $ GeV from Belle data with $ {\chi}^{2}_{\rm min.} $/dof $ {\approx} 141/13 {\approx} 11 $.

As is well known, the errors of the PDG group from a weighted average of selected data are generally smaller than those of any independent experimental groups. Therefore, it is clear from Eq. (55) that the relatively smaller (larger) errors on the PDG (Belle) data result in the relatively larger (smaller) value of $ {\chi}^{2}_{\rm min.} $/dof.

The numerical results of the $C P$-averaged branching ratios for three scenarios (S1, S2, and S3) using the PQCD approach with experimental data are presented in Tables 3 and 4, and the previous PQCD results without contributions from the B mesonic WFs $ {\phi}_{B2} $ are listed in Table 5. To obtain a clear and comprehensive impression of the agreement between the theoretical and experimental results, the $ {\chi}_{i}^{2} $ distributions are illustrated in Fig. 6. The results of the $C P$ asymmetries are presented in Tables 6, 7, and 8. It should be noted that the uncertainties on our results only originate from the parameters $ {\omega}_{B} $ and $ {\mu}_{P} $ based on the previous analysis of form factors. Uncertainties from other factors, such as the Gegenbauer moments^① and different models of the mesonic WFs, are not carefully scrutinized here, but deserve a more dedicated study.

mode		$ B^{-} {\to} {\pi}^{-}{\rho}^{0} $	$ B^{-} {\to} {\pi}^{0}{\rho}^{-} $	$ B^{-} {\to} {\pi}^{-}{\omega} $	$ B^{-} {\to} {\pi}^{-}{\phi} $
data	PDG	$ 8.3{\pm}1.2 $	$ 10.9{\pm}1.4 $	$ 6.9{\pm}0.5 $	$ (3.2{\pm}1.5){\times}10^{-2} $
S1	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ 4.25^{+ 0.22 + 0.01 }_{- 0.21 - 0.00 } $	$ 6.91^{+ 0.39 + 0.46 }_{- 0.37 - 0.45 } $	$ 3.83^{+ 0.20 + 0.01 }_{- 0.19 - 0.01 } $	$ 4.9^{+ 0.4 + 0.6 }_{- 0.4 - 0.5 }{\times}10^{-2} $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ 2.66^{+ 0.15 + 0.01 }_{- 0.14 - 0.01 } $	$ 4.56^{+ 0.28 + 0.38 }_{- 0.26 - 0.36 } $	$ 2.47^{+ 0.14 + 0.01 }_{- 0.13 - 0.01 } $	$ 4.2^{+ 0.3 + 0.5 }_{- 0.3 - 0.5 }{\times}10^{-2} $
data	BaBar	$ 8.1{\pm}1.7 $	$ 10.2{\pm}1.7 $	$ 6.7{\pm}0.6 $
S2	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ 3.66^{+ 0.19 + 0.01 }_{- 0.18 - 0.00 } $	$ 5.87^{+ 0.32 + 0.38 }_{- 0.30 - 0.37 } $	$ 3.28^{+ 0.17 + 0.01 }_{- 0.16 - 0.01 } $	$ 3.9^{+ 0.3 + 0.4 }_{- 0.3 - 0.4 }{\times}10^{-2} $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ 2.26^{+ 0.12 + 0.01 }_{- 0.12 - 0.01 } $	$ 3.83^{+ 0.22 + 0.31 }_{- 0.21 - 0.30 } $	$ 2.10^{+ 0.12 + 0.00 }_{- 0.11 - 0.00 } $	$ 3.3^{+ 0.3 + 0.4 }_{- 0.3 - 0.4 }{\times}10^{-2} $
data	Belle	$ 8.0{\pm}2.4 $	$ 13.2{\pm}3.0 $	$ 6.9{\pm}0.8 $
S3	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ 4.96^{+ 0.26 + 0.01 }_{- 0.25 - 0.00 } $	$ 8.17^{+ 0.48 + 0.56 }_{- 0.45 - 0.54 } $	$ 4.47^{+ 0.24 + 0.01 }_{- 0.23 - 0.01 } $	$ 6.2^{+ 0.5 + 0.7 }_{- 0.5 - 0.7 }{\times}10^{-2} $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ 3.13^{+ 0.18 + 0.01 }_{- 0.17 - 0.01 } $	$ 5.45^{+ 0.34 + 0.46 }_{- 0.32 - 0.44 } $	$ 2.91^{+ 0.17 + 0.01 }_{- 0.16 - 0.01 } $	$ 5.3^{+ 0.4 + 0.6 }_{- 0.4 - 0.6 }{\times}10^{-2} $
mode		$ B^{-} {\to} K^{-}K^{{\ast}0} $	$ B^{-} {\to} K^{0}K^{{\ast}-} $	$ B^{-} {\to} {\pi}^{0}K^{{\ast}-} $	$ B^{-} {\to} K^{-}{\rho}^{0} $
data	PDG	$ 0.59{\pm}0.08 $		$ 6.8{\pm}0.9 $	$ 3.7{\pm}0.5 $
S1	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ 0.35^{+ 0.02 + 0.05 }_{- 0.02 - 0.05 } $	$ 4.7^{+ 0.1 + 1.3 }_{- 0.1 - 0.8 }{\times}10^{-2} $	$ 2.90^{+ 0.19 + 0.22 }_{- 0.18 - 0.22 } $	$ 1.04^{+ 0.01 + 0.03 }_{- 0.01 - 0.00 } $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ 0.24^{+ 0.02 + 0.04 }_{- 0.01 - 0.04 } $	$ 4.8^{+ 0.1 + 1.3 }_{- 0.1 - 1.0 }{\times}10^{-2} $	$ 1.96^{+ 0.14 + 0.19 }_{- 0.13 - 0.18 } $	$ 0.88^{+ 0.01 + 0.03 }_{- 0.01 - 0.01 } $
data	BaBar			$ 6.4{\pm}1.0 $	$ 3.56{\pm}0.73 $
S2	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ 0.29^{+ 0.02 + 0.04 }_{- 0.02 - 0.04 } $	$ 4.4^{+ 0.1 + 1.0 }_{- 0.1 - 0.7 }{\times}10^{-2} $	$ 2.40^{+ 0.15 + 0.18 }_{- 0.14 - 0.18 } $	$ 1.01^{+ 0.01 + 0.02 }_{- 0.01 - 0.00 } $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ 0.19^{+ 0.01 + 0.03 }_{- 0.01 - 0.03 } $	$ 4.5^{+ 0.1 + 1.1 }_{- 0.1 - 0.8 }{\times}10^{-2} $	$ 1.61^{+ 0.11 + 0.15 }_{- 0.10 - 0.15 } $	$ 0.86^{+ 0.01 + 0.02 }_{- 0.01 - 0.01 } $
data	Belle				$ 3.89{\pm}0.64 $
S3	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ 0.42^{+ 0.03 + 0.06 }_{- 0.03 - 0.06 } $	$ 5.1^{+ 0.2 + 1.6 }_{- 0.1 - 1.0 }{\times}10^{-2} $	$ 3.52^{+ 0.24 + 0.27 }_{- 0.22 - 0.26 } $	$ 1.08^{+ 0.02 + 0.03 }_{- 0.01 - 0.00 } $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ 0.29^{+ 0.02 + 0.05 }_{- 0.02 - 0.05 } $	$ 5.3^{+ 0.2 + 1.6 }_{- 0.2 - 1.2 }{\times}10^{-2} $	$ 2.41^{+ 0.18 + 0.23 }_{- 0.16 - 0.22 } $	$ 0.91^{+ 0.01 + 0.03 }_{- 0.01 - 0.01 } $
mode		$ B^{-} {\to} K^{-}{\omega} $	$ B^{-} {\to} {\pi}^{-}\overline{K}^{{\ast}0} $	$ B^{-} {\to} \overline{K}^{0}{\rho}^{-} $	$ B^{-} {\to} K^{-}{\phi} $
data	PDG	$ 6.5{\pm}0.4 $	$ 10.1{\pm}0.8 $	$ 7.3{\pm}1.2 $	$ 8.8{\pm}0.7 $
S1	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ 3.43^{+ 0.17 + 0.26 }_{- 0.16 - 0.30 } $	$ 4.44^{+ 0.31 + 0.44 }_{- 0.28 - 0.42 } $	$ 1.36^{+ 0.00 + 0.12 }_{- 0.00 - 0.05 } $	$ 13.48^{+ 0.96 + 2.32 }_{- 0.89 - 2.27 } $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ 2.76^{+ 0.13 + 0.28 }_{- 0.12 - 0.30 } $	$ 3.04^{+ 0.22 + 0.36 }_{- 0.20 - 0.34 } $	$ 1.36^{+ 0.01 + 0.15 }_{- 0.01 - 0.09 } $	$ 9.50^{+ 0.73 + 1.94 }_{- 0.67 - 1.87 } $
data	BaBar	$ 6.3{\pm}0.6 $	$ 10.1{\pm}2.0 $	$ 6.5{\pm}2.2 $	$ 9.2{\pm}0.8 $
S2	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ 2.99^{+ 0.14 + 0.22 }_{- 0.13 - 0.25 } $	$ 3.65^{+ 0.24 + 0.36 }_{- 0.23 - 0.34 } $	$ 1.36^{+ 0.00 + 0.10 }_{- 0.00 - 0.04 } $	$ 11.00^{+ 0.77 + 1.87 }_{- 0.71 - 1.83 } $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ 2.41^{+ 0.11 + 0.23 }_{- 0.10 - 0.25 } $	$ 2.48^{+ 0.17 + 0.29 }_{- 0.16 - 0.28 } $	$ 1.34^{+ 0.00 + 0.12 }_{- 0.00 - 0.07 } $	$ 7.64^{+ 0.57 + 1.55 }_{- 0.53 - 1.49 } $
data	Belle	$ 6.8{\pm}0.6 $	$ 9.67{\pm}1.10 $		$ 9.60{\pm}1.40 $
S3	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ 3.98^{+ 0.21 + 0.32 }_{- 0.19 - 0.36 } $	$ 5.44^{+ 0.39 + 0.53 }_{- 0.36 - 0.51 } $	$ 1.38^{+ 0.01 + 0.16 }_{- 0.01 - 0.07 } $	$ 16.60^{+ 1.21 + 2.89 }_{- 1.12 - 2.83 } $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ 3.19^{+ 0.16 + 0.33 }_{- 0.15 - 0.36 } $	$ 3.76^{+ 0.29 + 0.44 }_{- 0.26 - 0.42 } $	$ 1.38^{+ 0.01 + 0.18 }_{- 0.01 - 0.11 } $	$ 11.88^{+ 0.93 + 2.43 }_{- 0.86 - 2.35 } $

Table 3.  $C P$-averaged branching ratios (in the unit of $ 10^{-6} $) for $ B_{u} {\to} PV $ decays. The central theoretical values are calculated with three scenario parameters of $ {\omega}_{B} $ to compare with data from the PDG, BaBar, and Belle groups [5]. The first theoretical uncertainties arise from variations in $ {\omega}_{B} = 0.46{\pm}0.01 $ GeV for S1, $ {\omega}_{B} = 0.49{\pm}0.01 $ GeV for S2, and $ {\omega}_{B} = 0.43{\pm}0.01 $ GeV for S3. The second theoretical uncertainties originate from variations in $ {\mu}_{P} = 1.4{\pm}0.1 $ GeV.

mode		$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} {\pi}^{+}{\rho}^{-} $	$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} {\pi}^{-}{\rho}^{+} $	$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} {\pi}^{0}{\omega} $	$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} {\pi}^{0}{\rho}^{0} $	$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} {\pi}^{0}{\phi} $
data	PDG	$ 23.0{\pm}2.3 $		$<0.5 $	$ 2.0{\pm}0.5 $	$<0.15 $
S1	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ 10.11^{+ 0.59 + 0.60 }_{- 0.55 - 0.59 } $	$ 7.52^{+ 0.41 + 0.14 }_{- 0.38 - 0.13 } $	$ 0.16^{+ 0.01 + 0.00 }_{- 0.01 - 0.00 } $	$ 7.0^{+ 0.3 + 0.4 }_{- 0.3 - 0.3 }{\times}10^{-2} $	$ 2.3^{+ 0.2 + 0.3 }_{- 0.2 - 0.2 }{\times}10^{-2} $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ 6.35^{+ 0.40 + 0.49 }_{- 0.37 - 0.47 } $	$ 4.58^{+ 0.26 + 0.12 }_{- 0.25 - 0.11 } $	$ 0.12^{+ 0.01 + 0.00 }_{- 0.01 - 0.00 } $	$ 5.8^{+ 0.3 + 0.2 }_{- 0.3 - 0.1 }{\times}10^{-2} $	$ 2.0^{+ 0.2 + 0.2 }_{- 0.2 - 0.2 }{\times}10^{-2} $
data	BaBar	$ 22.6{\pm}2.8 $		$<0.5 $	$ 1.4{\pm}0.7 $	$<0.28 $
S2	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ 8.56^{+ 0.48 + 0.50 }_{- 0.45 - 0.49 } $	$ 6.44^{+ 0.34 + 0.12 }_{- 0.32 - 0.11 } $	$ 0.13^{+ 0.01 + 0.00 }_{- 0.01 - 0.00 } $	$ 6.2^{+ 0.3 + 0.3 }_{- 0.2 - 0.3 }{\times}10^{-2} $	$ 1.8^{+ 0.1 + 0.2 }_{- 0.1 - 0.2 }{\times}10^{-2} $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ 5.32^{+ 0.32 + 0.41 }_{- 0.30 - 0.39 } $	$ 3.88^{+ 0.22 + 0.10 }_{- 0.20 - 0.09 } $	$ 0.10^{+ 0.01 + 0.00 }_{- 0.01 - 0.00 } $	$ 5.1^{+ 0.2 + 0.1 }_{- 0.2 - 0.1 }{\times}10^{-2} $	$ 1.5^{+ 0.1 + 0.2 }_{- 0.1 - 0.2 }{\times}10^{-2} $
data	Belle	$ 22.6{\pm}4.5 $		$<2.0 $	$ 3.0{\pm}0.9 $	$<0.15 $
S3	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ 11.99^{+ 0.72 + 0.73 }_{- 0.67 - 0.71 } $	$ 8.82^{+ 0.49 + 0.17 }_{- 0.46 - 0.16 } $	$ 0.19^{+ 0.01 + 0.01 }_{- 0.01 - 0.01 } $	$ 8.0^{+ 0.4 + 0.4 }_{- 0.3 - 0.4 }{\times}10^{-2} $	$ 2.9^{+ 0.2 + 0.3 }_{- 0.2 - 0.3 }{\times}10^{-2} $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ 7.64^{+ 0.49 + 0.60 }_{- 0.46 - 0.58 } $	$ 5.43^{+ 0.32 + 0.14 }_{- 0.30 - 0.14 } $	$ 0.14^{+ 0.01 + 0.01 }_{- 0.01 - 0.01 } $	$ 6.7^{+ 0.3 + 0.2 }_{- 0.3 - 0.2 }{\times}10^{-2} $	$ 2.5^{+ 0.2 + 0.3 }_{- 0.2 - 0.3 }{\times}10^{-2} $
mode		$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} \overline{K}^{0}K^{{\ast}0} $	$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} K^{0}\overline{K}^{{\ast}0} $	$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} {\pi}^{+}K^{{\ast}-} $	$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} K^{-}{\rho}^{+} $	$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} {\pi}^{0}\overline{K}^{{\ast}0} $
data	PDG	$<0.96 $		$ 7.5{\pm}0.4 $	$ 7.0{\pm}0.9 $	$ 3.3{\pm}0.6 $
S1	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ 0.23^{+ 0.02 + 0.04 }_{- 0.02 - 0.03 } $	$ 0.16^{+ 0.01 + 0.02 }_{- 0.01 - 0.02 } $	$ 3.61^{+ 0.24 + 0.34 }_{- 0.22 - 0.33 } $	$ 1.80^{+ 0.04 + 0.19 }_{- 0.03 - 0.13 } $	$ 1.30^{+ 0.09 + 0.16 }_{- 0.08 - 0.15 } $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ 0.15^{+ 0.01 + 0.03 }_{- 0.01 - 0.03 } $	$ 0.12^{+ 0.01 + 0.02 }_{- 0.00 - 0.02 } $	$ 2.53^{+ 0.17 + 0.29 }_{- 0.16 - 0.27 } $	$ 1.58^{+ 0.03 + 0.19 }_{- 0.03 - 0.14 } $	$ 0.94^{+ 0.07 + 0.13 }_{- 0.06 - 0.13 } $
data	BaBar	$<1.9 $		$ 8.0{\pm}1.4 $	$ 6.6{\pm}0.9 $	$ 3.3{\pm}0.6 $
S2	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ 0.19^{+ 0.01 + 0.03 }_{- 0.01 - 0.03 } $	$ 0.14^{+ 0.01 + 0.02 }_{- 0.01 - 0.01 } $	$ 2.99^{+ 0.19 + 0.29 }_{- 0.18 - 0.27 } $	$ 1.71^{+ 0.03 + 0.16 }_{- 0.03 - 0.10 } $	$ 1.07^{+ 0.07 + 0.13 }_{- 0.06 - 0.13 } $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ 0.12^{+ 0.01 + 0.02 }_{- 0.01 - 0.02 } $	$ 0.11^{+ 0.00 + 0.02 }_{- 0.00 - 0.01 } $	$ 2.09^{+ 0.13 + 0.24 }_{- 0.12 - 0.23 } $	$ 1.51^{+ 0.02 + 0.15 }_{- 0.02 - 0.11 } $	$ 0.77^{+ 0.05 + 0.11 }_{- 0.05 - 0.10 } $
data	Belle			$ 8.4{\pm}1.5 $	$ 15.1{\pm}4.2 $
S3	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ 0.28^{+ 0.02 + 0.04 }_{- 0.02 - 0.04 } $	$ 0.18^{+ 0.01 + 0.02 }_{- 0.01 - 0.02 } $	$ 4.40^{+ 0.30 + 0.42 }_{- 0.28 - 0.40 } $	$ 1.93^{+ 0.05 + 0.24 }_{- 0.05 - 0.16 } $	$ 1.60^{+ 0.12 + 0.20 }_{- 0.11 - 0.19 } $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ 0.19^{+ 0.01 + 0.04 }_{- 0.01 - 0.03 } $	$ 0.14^{+ 0.01 + 0.02 }_{- 0.01 - 0.02 } $	$ 3.10^{+ 0.23 + 0.35 }_{- 0.21 - 0.34 } $	$ 1.68^{+ 0.04 + 0.23 }_{- 0.04 - 0.17 } $	$ 1.15^{+ 0.09 + 0.17 }_{- 0.08 - 0.16 } $
mode		$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} \overline{K}^{0}{\rho}^{0} $	$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} \overline{K}^{0}{\omega} $	$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} \overline{K}^{0}{\phi} $	$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} K^{+}K^{{\ast}-} $	$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} K^{-}K^{{\ast}+} $
data	PDG	$ 3.4{\pm}1.1 $	$ 4.8{\pm}0.4 $	$ 7.3{\pm}0.7 $	$<0.4 $
S1	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ 0.81^{+ 0.02 + 0.18 }_{- 0.02 - 0.14 } $	$ 3.54^{+ 0.17 + 0.27 }_{- 0.16 - 0.31 } $	$ 12.31^{+ 0.88 + 2.15 }_{- 0.81 - 2.11 } $	$ 5.1^{+ 0.1 + 0.0 }_{- 0.1 - 0.0 }{\times}10^{-2} $	$ 2.6^{+ 0.1 + 0.1 }_{- 0.1 - 0.1 }{\times}10^{-2} $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ 0.77^{+ 0.02 + 0.16 }_{- 0.02 - 0.12 } $	$ 2.81^{+ 0.13 + 0.28 }_{- 0.12 - 0.31 } $	$ 8.64^{+ 0.66 + 1.79 }_{- 0.61 - 1.73 } $	$ 2.9^{+ 0.1 + 0.1 }_{- 0.1 - 0.1 }{\times}10^{-2} $	$ 2.2^{+ 0.1 + 0.1 }_{- 0.0 - 0.1 }{\times}10^{-2} $
data	BaBar	$ 4.4{\pm}0.8 $	$ 5.4{\pm}0.9 $	$ 7.1{\pm}0.7 $
S2	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ 0.76^{+ 0.02 + 0.15 }_{- 0.02 - 0.11 } $	$ 3.09^{+ 0.14 + 0.22 }_{- 0.13 - 0.26 } $	$ 10.04^{+ 0.70 + 1.73 }_{- 0.65 - 1.70 } $	$ 4.7^{+ 0.1 + 0.0 }_{- 0.1 - 0.0 }{\times}10^{-2} $	$ 2.4^{+ 0.1 + 0.1 }_{- 0.1 - 0.1 }{\times}10^{-2} $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ 0.72^{+ 0.02 + 0.13 }_{- 0.01 - 0.10 } $	$ 2.47^{+ 0.11 + 0.23 }_{- 0.10 - 0.26 } $	$ 6.95^{+ 0.52 + 1.43 }_{- 0.48 - 1.38 } $	$ 2.7^{+ 0.1 + 0.1 }_{- 0.1 - 0.1 }{\times}10^{-2} $	$ 2.0^{+ 0.0 + 0.1 }_{- 0.0 - 0.1 }{\times}10^{-2} $
data	Belle	$ 6.1{\pm}1.6 $	$ 4.5{\pm}0.5 $	$ 9.0{\pm}2.3 $
S3	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ 0.89^{+ 0.03 + 0.23 }_{- 0.03 - 0.17 } $	$ 4.09^{+ 0.21 + 0.33 }_{- 0.20 - 0.37 } $	$ 15.15^{+ 1.10 + 2.68 }_{- 1.02 - 2.62 } $	$ 5.4^{+ 0.1 + 0.0 }_{- 0.1 - 0.0 }{\times}10^{-2} $	$ 2.8^{+ 0.1 + 0.1 }_{- 0.1 - 0.1 }{\times}10^{-2} $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ 0.84^{+ 0.03 + 0.20 }_{- 0.03 - 0.15 } $	$ 3.24^{+ 0.17 + 0.34 }_{- 0.15 - 0.37 } $	$ 10.80^{+ 0.85 + 2.25 }_{- 0.78 - 2.17 } $	$ 3.2^{+ 0.1 + 0.1 }_{- 0.1 - 0.1 }{\times}10^{-2} $	$ 2.3^{+ 0.1 + 0.1 }_{- 0.1 - 0.1 }{\times}10^{-2} $

Table 4.  $C P$-averaged branching ratios (in the unit of $ 10^{-6} $) for $ B_{d} {\to} PV $ decays. Other legends are the same as those of Table 3.

mode		LO				NLO			NLOG
$ B^{-} {\to} {\pi}^{-}{\rho}^{0} $		$ 10.4^{+3.9}_{-4.0} $ [49]	$ 9.0 $ [50]	$ 4.61{\pm}0.36 $ [54]		$ 5.4^{+1.6}_{-1.2} $ [50]	$ 6.5 $ [51]		$ 7.2 $ [51]
$ B^{-} {\to} {\pi}^{0}{\rho}^{-} $			$ 14.1 $ [50]	$ 8.73{\pm}0.25 $ [54]		$ 9.6^{+2.8}_{-2.6} $ [50]	$ 13.3 $ [51]		$ 9.3 $ [51]
$ B^{-} {\to} {\pi}^{-}{\omega} $		$ 11.3^{+3.6}_{-3.2} $ [49]	$ 8.4 $ [50]			$ 4.6^{+1.4}_{-1.1} $ [50]	$ 5.4 $ [51]		$ 6.1 $ [51]
$ B^{-} {\to} K^{-}K^{{\ast}0} $		$ 0.31^{+0.12}_{-0.08} $ [52]	$ 0.42 $ [53]	$ 0.48{\pm}0.02 $ [54]		$ 0.32^{+0.12}_{-0.08} $ [53]
$ B^{-} {\to} K^{0}K^{{\ast}-} $		$ 1.83^{+0.68}_{-0.47} $ [52]	$ 0.20 $ [53]			$ 0.21^{+0.14}_{-0.12} $ [53]
$ B^{-} {\to} {\pi}^{0}K^{{\ast}-} $		$ 4.0 $ [55]		$ 3.51{\pm}0.19 $ [54]		$ 4.3^{+5.0}_{-2.2} $ [55]
$ B^{-} {\to} K^{-}{\rho}^{0} $		$ 2.5 $ [55]		$ 2.24{\pm}0.41 $ [54]		$ 5.1^{+4.1}_{-2.8} $ [55]
$ B^{-} {\to} K^{-}{\omega} $		$ 2.1 $ [55]				$ 10.6^{+10.4}_{- 5.8} $ [55]
$ B^{-} {\to} {\pi}^{-}\overline{K}^{{\ast}0} $		$ 5.5 $ [55]		$ 5.17{\pm}0.23 $ [54]		$ 6.0^{+2.8}_{-1.5} $ [55]
$ B^{-} {\to} \overline{K}^{0}{\rho}^{-} $		$ 3.6 $ [55]		$ 3.39{\pm}0.55 $ [54]		$ 8.7^{+6.8}_{-4.4} $ [55]
$ B^{-} {\to} K^{-}{\phi} $		$ 13.8 $ [55]	$ 10.2 $ [48]			$ 7.8^{+5.9}_{-1.8} $ [55]
$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} {\pi}^{\pm}{\rho}^{\mp} $			$ 41.3 $ [50]	$ 23.3{\pm}0.8 $ [54]		$ 25.7^{+7.7}_{-6.4} $ [50]	$ 27.8 $ [51]		$ 30.8 $ [51]
$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} {\pi}^{0}{\omega} $			$ 0.22 $ [50]			$ 0.32^{+0.08}_{-0.10} $ [50]	$ 0.04 $ [51]		$ 0.85 $ [51]
$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} {\pi}^{0}{\rho}^{0} $			$ 0.15 $ [50]	$ 0.026{\pm}0.002 $ [54]		$ 0.37^{+0.13}_{-0.10} $ [50]	$ 0.7 $ [51]		$ 1.1 $ [51]
$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} {\pi}^{+}K^{{\ast}-} $		$ 5.1 $ [55]		$ 4.93{\pm}0.28 $ [54]		$ 6.0^{+6.8}_{-2.6} $ [55]
$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} K^{-}{\rho}^{+} $		$ 4.7 $ [55]		$ 4.4{\pm}0.6 $ [54]		$ 8.8^{+6.8}_{-4.5} $ [55]
$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} {\pi}^{0}\overline{K}^{{\ast}0} $		$ 1.5 $ [55]		$ 1.73{\pm}0.10 $ [54]		$ 2.0^{+1.2}_{-0.6} $ [55]
$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} \Bigg\{\begin{array}{l} \overline{K}^{0}K^{{\ast}0}\\ K^{0}\overline{K}^{{\ast}0} \end{array} $		$ 1.96^{+0.79}_{-0.54} $ [52]	$ 1.37 $ [53]			$ 0.85^{+0.26}_{-0.21} $ [53]
$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} \overline{K}^{0}{\rho}^{0} $		$ 2.5 $ [55]		$ 3.06{\pm}0.37 $ [54]		$ 4.8^{+4.3}_{-2.3} $ [55]
$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} \overline{K}^{0}{\omega} $		$ 1.9 $ [55]				$ 9.8^{+8.6}_{-4.9} $ [55]
$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} \overline{K}^{0}{\phi} $		$ 12.9 $ [55]				$ 7.3^{+5.4}_{-1.6} $ [55]
$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} K^{\pm}K^{{\ast}{\mp}} $		$ 0.07{\pm}0.01 $ [52]	$ 0.27 $ [53]			$ 0.13^{+0.05}_{-0.07} $ [53]

Table 5.  Previous results of branching ratios (in the unit of $ 10^{-6} $) for $ B {\to} PV $ decays, including the LO and NLO contributions using the PQCD approach, where NLO and NLOG represent those without and with Glauber effects, and the contributions from the B mesonic WFs $ {\phi}_{B2} $ are not considered. If there are many theoretical uncertainties, the total uncertainties are given by the square roots of the sums of all quadratic errors. The details and meanings of the uncertainties can be found in their respective references.

Figure 6.  (color online) $ {\chi}_{i}^{2} $ distribution of branching ratios for three scenarios, where the numbers in the bar charts denote the values of $ {\chi}_{i}^{2} $ for a specific process.

mode		$ B^{-} {\to} {\pi}^{-}{\rho}^{0} $	$ B^{-} {\to} {\pi}^{0}{\rho}^{-} $	$ B^{-} {\to} {\pi}^{-}{\omega} $	$ B^{-} {\to} {\pi}^{-}{\phi} $
data	PDG	$ 0.9{\pm}1.9 $	$ 2{\pm}11 $	$ -4{\pm}5 $	$ 9.8{\pm}51.1 $
S1	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ -24.00^{+ 0.61 + 1.16 }_{- 0.62 - 1.15 } $	$ 18.35^{+ 0.54 + 0.23 }_{- 0.53 - 0.24 } $	$ -1.67^{+ 0.01 + 0.26 }_{- 0.01 - 0.26 } $	$ 0 $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ -29.49^{+ 0.81 + 1.25 }_{- 0.83 - 1.22 } $	$ 22.40^{+ 0.70 + 0.10 }_{- 0.68 - 0.11 } $	$ -4.36^{+ 0.02 + 0.18 }_{- 0.02 - 0.18 } $	$ 0 $
data	BaBar	$ 18{\pm}17 $	$ -1{\pm}13 $	$ -2{\pm}8 $
S2	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ -25.90^{+ 0.65 + 1.25 }_{- 0.66 - 1.23 } $	$ 19.98^{+ 0.56 + 0.26 }_{- 0.55 - 0.28 } $	$ -1.66^{+ 0.01 + 0.26 }_{- -0.00 - 0.26 } $	$ 0 $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ -32.02^{+ 0.86 + 1.35 }_{- 0.88 - 1.32 } $	$ 24.52^{+ 0.73 + 0.13 }_{- 0.72 - 0.14 } $	$ -4.43^{+ 0.03 + 0.18 }_{- 0.02 - 0.17 } $	$ 0 $
data	Belle		$ 6{\pm}18 $	$ -2{\pm}9 $
S3	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ -22.20^{+ 0.58 + 1.08 }_{- 0.59 - 1.07 } $	$ 16.80^{+ 0.51 + 0.20 }_{- 0.50 - 0.21 } $	$ -1.68^{+ 0.00 + 0.26 }_{- 0.00 - 0.26 } $	$ 0 $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ -27.09^{+ 0.77 + 1.15 }_{- 0.78 - 1.12 } $	$ 20.38^{+ 0.66 + 0.08 }_{- 0.65 - 0.09 } $	$ -4.28^{+ 0.03 + 0.18 }_{- 0.03 - 0.18 } $	$ 0 $
mode		$ B^{-} {\to} K^{-}K^{{\ast}0} $	$ B^{-} {\to} K^{0}K^{{\ast}-} $	$ B^{-} {\to} {\pi}^{0}K^{{\ast}-} $	$ B^{-} {\to} K^{-}{\rho}^{0} $
data	PDG	$ 12.3{\pm}9.8 $		$ -39{\pm}21 $	$ 37{\pm}10 $
S1	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ 15.16^{+ 0.34 + 0.70 }_{- 0.34 - 0.58 } $	$ -25.13^{+ 2.03 + 13.90 }_{- 1.99 - 7.02 } $	$ -21.17^{+ 0.82 + 0.16 }_{- 0.84 - 0.15 } $	$ 82.79^{+ 1.30 + 3.37 }_{- 1.32 - 5.16 } $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ 19.60^{+ 0.50 + 1.29 }_{- 0.51 - 1.03 } $	$ -11.19^{+ 1.82 + 7.91 }_{- 1.77 - 4.25 } $	$ -24.32^{+ 1.00 + 0.00 }_{- 1.02 - 0.01 } $	$ 78.05^{+ 1.52 + 0.57 }_{- 1.53 - 2.24 } $
data	BaBar			$ -52{\pm}15 $	$ 44{\pm}17 $
S2	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ 16.19^{+ 0.37 + 0.74 }_{- 0.35 - 0.60 } $	$ -19.01^{+ 2.03 + 13.91 }_{- 2.05 - 8.18 } $	$ -23.76^{+ 0.89 + 0.15 }_{- 0.91 - 0.14 } $	$ 78.79^{+ 1.35 + 3.20 }_{- 1.36 - 4.65 } $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ 21.14^{+ 0.54 + 1.39 }_{- 0.52 - 1.09 } $	$ -5.72^{+ 1.82 + 8.30 }_{- 1.83 - 5.14 } $	$ -27.46^{+ 1.07 + 0.04 }_{- 1.09 - 0.05 } $	$ 73.45^{+ 1.54 + 0.72 }_{- 1.54 - 2.04 } $
data	Belle				$ 30{\pm}16 $
S3	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ 14.18^{+ 0.32 + 0.68 }_{- 0.31 - 0.55 } $	$ -31.01^{+ 1.93 + 13.31 }_{- 1.86 - 5.46 } $	$ -18.78^{+ 0.75 + 0.16 }_{- 0.77 - 0.15 } $	$ 86.60^{+ 1.20 + 3.42 }_{- 1.24 - 5.63 } $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ 18.12^{+ 0.48 + 1.22 }_{- 0.47 - 0.96 } $	$ -16.43^{+ 1.73 + 7.11 }_{- 1.66 - 3.10 } $	$ -21.41^{+ 0.92 + 0.04 }_{- 0.95 - 0.04 } $	$ 82.55^{+ 1.45 + 0.28 }_{- 1.48 - 2.37 } $
mode		$ B^{-} {\to} K^{-}{\omega} $	$ B^{-} {\to} {\pi}^{-}\overline{K}^{{\ast}0} $	$ B^{-} {\to} \overline{K}^{0}{\rho}^{-} $	$ B^{-} {\to} K^{-}{\phi} $
data	PDG	$ -2{\pm}4 $	$ -4{\pm}9 $	$ -3{\pm}15 $	$ 2.4{\pm}2.8 $
S1	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ 20.64^{+ 0.37 + 1.48 }_{- 0.38 - 1.06 } $	$ -1.13^{+ 0.03 + 0.03 }_{- 0.03 - 0.03 } $	$ 0.03^{+ 0.09 + 0.55 }_{- 0.09 - 0.64 } $	$ -0.55^{+ 0.01 + 0.02 }_{- 0.01 - 0.03 } $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ 22.70^{+ 0.32 + 2.07 }_{- 0.33 - 1.50 } $	$ -1.48^{+ 0.05 + 0.05 }_{- 0.05 - 0.06 } $	$ -0.12^{+ 0.09 + 0.36 }_{- 0.08 - 0.42 } $	$ -0.69^{+ 0.02 + 0.04 }_{- 0.02 - 0.06 } $
data	BaBar	$ -1{\pm}7 $	$ -12{\pm}25 $	$ 21{\pm}31 $	$ 12.8{\pm}4.6 $
S2	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ 21.75^{+ 0.35 + 1.42 }_{- 0.36 - 1.01 } $	$ -1.23^{+ 0.03 + 0.03 }_{- 0.03 - 0.03 } $	$ -0.22^{+ 0.08 + 0.51 }_{- 0.07 - 0.56 } $	$ -0.59^{+ 0.01 + 0.02 }_{- 0.02 - 0.03 } $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ 23.61^{+ 0.27 + 1.99 }_{- 0.29 - 1.44 } $	$ -1.63^{+ 0.05 + 0.06 }_{- 0.05 - 0.06 } $	$ -0.36^{+ 0.08 + 0.34 }_{- 0.07 - 0.38 } $	$ -0.76^{+ 0.02 + 0.04 }_{- 0.02 - 0.06 } $
data	Belle	$ -3{\pm}4 $	$ -14.9{\pm}6.8 $		$ 1{\pm}13 $
S3	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ 19.49^{+ 0.39 + 1.53 }_{- 0.40 - 1.09 } $	$ -1.04^{+ 0.03 + 0.02 }_{- 0.03 - 0.03 } $	$ 0.30^{+ 0.10 + 0.58 }_{- 0.10 - 0.71 } $	$ -0.51^{+ 0.01 + 0.02 }_{- 0.01 - 0.03 } $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ 21.66^{+ 0.36 + 2.13 }_{- 0.38 - 1.53 } $	$ -1.34^{+ 0.04 + 0.05 }_{- 0.04 - 0.05 } $	$ 0.14^{+ 0.09 + 0.37 }_{- 0.09 - 0.47 } $	$ -0.64^{+ 0.02 + 0.04 }_{- 0.02 - 0.05 } $

Table 6.  Direct $C P$-violating asymmetries ($ {\cal A}_{CP} $, in the unit of percentage) for $ B_{u} {\to} PV $ decays. Other legends are the same as those of Table 3.

$ {\cal A}_{CP} $	mode	$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} {\pi}^{+}{\rho}^{-} $	$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} {\pi}^{-}{\rho}^{+} $		$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} {\pi}^{+}K^{{\ast}-} $	$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} K^{-}{\rho}^{+} $
data	PDG	$ 13{\pm}6 $	$ -8{\pm}8 $		$ -27{\pm}4 $	$ 20{\pm}11 $
S1	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ 4.04^{+ 0.27 + 0.77 }_{- 0.26 - 0.80 } $	$ -19.80^{+ 0.35 + 0.18 }_{- 0.36 - 0.13 } $		$ -31.04^{+ 1.13 + 0.29 }_{- 1.15 - 0.33 } $	$ 86.31^{+ 0.61 + 2.50 }_{- 0.71 - 4.95 } $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ 7.20^{+ 0.37 + 0.76 }_{- 0.36 - 0.80 } $	$ -22.88^{+ 0.48 + 0.26 }_{- 0.48 - 0.18 } $		$ -35.44^{+ 1.28 + 0.64 }_{- 1.29 - 0.74 } $	$ 74.34^{+ 0.83 + 3.15 }_{- 0.92 - 4.75 } $
data	BaBar	$ 9{\pm}7 $	$ -12{\pm}9 $		$ -29{\pm}11 $	$ 20{\pm}12 $
S2	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ 4.87^{+ 0.29 + 0.77 }_{- 0.28 - 0.81 } $	$ -20.91^{+ 0.38 + 0.12 }_{- 0.38 - 0.06 } $		$ -34.56^{+ 1.19 + 0.36 }_{- 1.21 - 0.40 } $	$ 83.91^{+ 0.89 + 1.48 }_{- 0.97 - 3.71 } $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ 8.33^{+ 0.39 + 0.76 }_{- 0.39 - 0.80 } $	$ -24.36^{+ 0.51 + 0.18 }_{- 0.51 - 0.10 } $		$ -39.34^{+ 1.30 + 0.75 }_{- 1.30 - 0.85 } $	$ 71.37^{+ 1.06 + 2.15 }_{- 1.13 - 3.61 } $
data	Belle	$ 21{\pm}9 $	$ 8{\pm}19 $		$ -21{\pm}13 $	$ 22{\pm}24 $
S3	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ 3.27^{+ 0.25 + 0.76 }_{- 0.24 - 0.79 } $	$ -18.77^{+ 0.33 + 0.23 }_{- 0.34 - 0.19 } $		$ -27.72^{+ 1.06 + 0.24 }_{- 1.09 - 0.27 } $	$ 87.84^{+ 0.29 + 3.77 }_{- 0.40 - 6.31 } $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ 6.14^{+ 0.34 + 0.75 }_{- 0.33 - 0.80 } $	$ -21.48^{+ 0.45 + 0.33 }_{- 0.46 - 0.26 } $		$ -31.64^{+ 1.23 + 0.55 }_{- 1.25 - 0.63 } $	$ 76.57^{+ 0.55 + 4.41 }_{- 0.65 - 6.03 } $
$ {\cal A}_{CP} $	mode	$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} {\pi}^{0}\overline{K}^{{\ast}0} $	$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} \overline{K}^{0}{\rho}^{0} $		$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} \overline{K}^{0}{\omega} $	$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} \overline{K}^{0}{\phi} $
data	PDG	$ -15{\pm}13 $	$ -4{\pm}20 $		$ 0{\pm}40 $	$ 1{\pm}14 $
S1	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ -0.47^{+ 0.09 + 0.01 }_{- 0.08 - 0.01 } $	$ -5.47^{+ 0.16 + 1.72 }_{- 0.15 - 2.25 } $		$ 3.12^{+ 0.04 + 0.35 }_{- 0.04 - 0.29 } $	$ 0 $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ -1.33^{+ 0.12 + 0.03 }_{- 0.10 - 0.02 } $	$ -6.57^{+ 0.20 + 1.80 }_{- 0.19 - 2.27 } $		$ 4.58^{+ 0.05 + 0.45 }_{- 0.05 - 0.35 } $	$ 0 $
data	BaBar	$ -15{\pm}13 $	$ -5{\pm}28 $		$ -52{\pm}22 $	$ 5{\pm}19 $
S2	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ -0.20^{+ 0.10 + 0.01 }_{- 0.10 - 0.01 } $	$ -5.88^{+ 0.12 + 1.65 }_{- 0.11 - 2.03 } $		$ 3.23^{+ 0.03 + 0.35 }_{- 0.03 - 0.29 } $	$ 0 $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ -0.96^{+ 0.14 + 0.02 }_{- 0.13 - 0.01 } $	$ -7.08^{+ 0.15 + 1.69 }_{- 0.14 - 2.02 } $		$ 4.71^{+ 0.04 + 0.44 }_{- 0.04 - 0.34 } $	$ 0 $
data	Belle		$ -3{\pm}28 $		$ 36{\pm}20 $	$ -4{\pm}22 $
S3	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ -0.69^{+ 0.07 + 0.03 }_{- 0.06 - 0.03 } $	$ -4.97^{+ 0.19 + 1.75 }_{- 0.18 - 2.42 } $		$ 3.00^{+ 0.04 + 0.36 }_{- 0.04 - 0.29 } $	$ 0 $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ -1.62^{+ 0.09 + 0.06 }_{- 0.08 - 0.06 } $	$ -5.93^{+ 0.24 + 1.86 }_{- 0.23 - 2.48 } $		$ 4.41^{+ 0.06 + 0.46 }_{- 0.06 - 0.36 } $	$ 0 $
mode		$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} {\pi}^{0}{\rho}^{0} $			$ \overline{B}^{0} {\to} {\pi}^{0}{\omega} $
		$ C_{f} $	$ S_{f} $		$ C_{f} $	$ S_{f} $
data	PDG	$ 27{\pm}24 $	$ -23{\pm}34 $
S1	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ -0.04^{+ 0.14 + 0.31 }_{- 0.21 - 0.50 } $	$ -89.75^{+ 0.46 + 2.11 }_{- 0.45 - 1.82 } $		$ -67.36^{+ 1.06 + 0.75 }_{- 1.05 - 0.73 } $	$ 24.00^{+ 0.40 + 1.86 }_{- 0.40 - 1.78 } $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ -22.82^{+ 0.03 + 0.11 }_{- 0.06 - 0.22 } $	$ -74.39^{+ 0.50 + 3.22 }_{- 0.49 - 2.90 } $		$ -66.52^{+ 1.05 + 0.33 }_{- 1.04 - 0.32 } $	$ 39.32^{+ 0.41 + 0.97 }_{- 0.42 - 0.89 } $
data	BaBar	$ 19{\pm}27 $	$ -37{\pm}39 $
S2	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ 0.49^{+ 0.21 + 0.26 }_{- 0.18 - 0.42 } $	$ -88.39^{+ 0.46 + 2.27 }_{- 0.45 - 1.96 } $		$ -70.49^{+ 1.05 + 0.82 }_{- 1.03 - 0.79 } $	$ 25.15^{+ 0.32 + 1.79 }_{- 0.38 - 1.74 } $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ -22.65^{+ 0.09 + 0.10 }_{- 0.08 - 0.20 } $	$ -73.00^{+ 0.42 + 3.28 }_{- 0.43 - 2.98 } $		$ -69.62^{+ 1.03 + 0.36 }_{- 1.03 - 0.36 } $	$ 40.43^{+ 0.28 + 0.85 }_{- 0.35 - 0.79 } $
data	Belle	$ 49{\pm}46 $	$ 17{\pm}67 $
S3	$ {\phi}_{B1} $ + $ {\phi}_{B2} $	$ -0.57^{+ 0.13 + 0.43 }_{- 0.11 - 0.57 } $	$ -91.10^{+ 0.46 + 1.94 }_{- 0.45 - 1.64 } $		$ -64.23^{+ 1.05 + 0.67 }_{- 1.03 - 0.65 } $	$ 22.69^{+ 0.46 + 1.91 }_{- 0.46 - 1.84 } $
	$ {\phi}_{B1} $	$ -22.90^{+ 0.05 + 0.15 }_{- 0.01 - 0.23 } $	$ -76.00^{+ 0.58 + 3.11 }_{- 0.60 - 2.78 } $		$ -63.47^{+ 1.00 + 0.27 }_{- 1.00 - 0.27 } $	$ 37.90^{+ 0.53 + 1.07 }_{- 0.55 - 1.00 } $

Table 7.  $C P$-violating asymmetries (in the unit of percentage) for $ B_{d} $ decays. Other legends are the same as those of Table 3.