Prototype of readout electronics for the LHAASO KM2A electromagnetic particle detectors

Xiang Liu; Jing-Fan Chang; Zheng Wang; Lei Fan

doi:10.1088/1674-1137/40/7/076101

Chinese Physics C> 2016, Vol. 40> Issue(7) : 076101 DOI: 10.1088/1674-1137/40/7/076101

Prototype of readout electronics for the LHAASO KM2A electromagnetic particle detectors

Xiang Liu ^1,2,3,, ,
Jing-Fan Chang ^1,2,3,, ,
Zheng Wang ^1,2,3 ,
Lei Fan ^1,2,3

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Abstract：
The KM2A (one kilometer square extensive air shower array) is the largest detector array in the LHAASO (Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory) project. The KM2A consists of 5242 EDs (Electromagnetic particle Detectors) and 1221 MDs (Muon Detectors). The EDs are distributed and exposed in the wild. Two channels, anode and dynode, are employed for the PMT (photomultiplier tube) signal readout. The readout electronics designed in this paper aims at accurate charge and arrival time measurement of the PMT signals, which cover a large amplitude range from 20 P.E. (photoelectrons) to 2×10⁵ P.E. By using a "trigger-less" architecture, we digitize signals close to the PMTs. All digitized data is transmitted to DAQ (Data Acquisition) via a simplified White Rabbit protocol. Compared with traditional high energy experiments, high precision of time measurement over such a large area and suppression of temperature effects in the wild become the key techniques. Experiments show that the design has fulfilled the requirements in this project.
- LHAASO ,
- ED ,
- readout electronics ,
- White Rabbit

References

[1]	H. H. He et al, LHAASO Project:detector desian and prototype (Poland:ICRC, 2009), p.31
[2]	Z. Cao et al, Phys. Rev. C, 34 (2):249-252(2010)
[3]	H. K. Lv et al, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 781:34-38(2015)
[4]	J. Zhao et al, Phys. Rev. C, 38 (3):036002(2014)
[5]	J. Serrano et al, The White Rabbit Project (Japan:ICALEPCS TUC004, 2009)
[6]	W. B. Pan et al, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 738:13-19(2014)
[7]	G. Gong et al, Sub-nanosecond timing system design and development for LHAASO project (France:ICALEPCS, 2011)
[8]	Z. A. Liu et al, in Chaos, edited by B. Hao (The 15th Real-Time Conference, 2007)
[9]	L. Yao, Phys. Rev. C, 34(12):126101(2013)
[10]	Y. R. Zhao, Master of science thesis,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (2015)
[11]	L. Zhao et al, Phys. Rev. C, 38 (1):016101(2014)
[12]	M. Fries et al, High-precision TDC in an FPGA using a 192 MHz quadrature clock (IEEE Nuclear Science Syosium Confrence Record, 2002), p.1:580-584

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Xiang Liu, Jing-Fan Chang, Zheng Wang and Lei Fan. Prototype of readout electronics for the LHAASO KM2A electromagnetic particle detectors[J]. Chinese Physics C, 2016, 40(7): 076101. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/40/7/076101

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Received: 2015-11-13
Revised: 2016-01-26

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Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11375210) and the Knowledge Innovation Fund of IHEP, Beijing

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1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Prototype of readout electronics for the LHAASO KM2A electromagnetic particle detectors

Corresponding author: Xiang Liu,

Corresponding author: Jing-Fan Chang,

Received Date: 2015-11-13
Accepted Date: 2016-01-26
Available Online: 2016-07-05

Fund Project: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11375210) and the Knowledge Innovation Fund of IHEP, Beijing

Abstract: The KM2A (one kilometer square extensive air shower array) is the largest detector array in the LHAASO (Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory) project. The KM2A consists of 5242 EDs (Electromagnetic particle Detectors) and 1221 MDs (Muon Detectors). The EDs are distributed and exposed in the wild. Two channels, anode and dynode, are employed for the PMT (photomultiplier tube) signal readout. The readout electronics designed in this paper aims at accurate charge and arrival time measurement of the PMT signals, which cover a large amplitude range from 20 P.E. (photoelectrons) to 2×10⁵ P.E. By using a "trigger-less" architecture, we digitize signals close to the PMTs. All digitized data is transmitted to DAQ (Data Acquisition) via a simplified White Rabbit protocol. Compared with traditional high energy experiments, high precision of time measurement over such a large area and suppression of temperature effects in the wild become the key techniques. Experiments show that the design has fulfilled the requirements in this project.