A unified model with a generalized gauge symmetry and its cosmological implications

Jong-Ping Hsu; Kazuo O. Cottrell

doi:10.1088/1674-1137/39/10/105101

Chinese Physics C> 2015, Vol. 39> Issue(10) : 105101 DOI: 10.1088/1674-1137/39/10/105101

A unified model with a generalized gauge symmetry and its cosmological implications

Jong-Ping Hsu ^, ,
Kazuo O. Cottrell ^,

Abstract
HTML
Reference
Related

PDF

Abstract：
A unified model is based on a generalized gauge symmetry with groups [SU_3c]_color × (SU₂× U₁) × [U_1b× U_1l]. It implies that all interactions should preserve conservation laws of baryon number, lepton number, and electric charge, etc. The baryonic U_1b, leptonic U_1l and color SU_3c gauge transformations are generalized to involve non-integrable phase factors. One has gauge invariant fourth-order equations for massless gauge fields, which leads to linear potentials in the [U_1b× U_1l] and color [SU_3c] sectors. We discuss possible cosmological implications of the new baryonic gauge field. It can produce a very small constant repulsive force between two baryon galaxies (or between two anti-baryon galaxies), where the baryon force can overcome the gravitational force at very large distances and leads to an accelerated cosmic expansion. Based on conservation laws in the unified model, we discuss a simple rotating dumbbell universe with equal amounts of matter and anti-matter, which may be pictured as two gigantic rotating clusters of galaxies. Within the gigantic baryonic cluster, a galaxy will have an approximately linearly accelerated expansion due to the effective force of constant density of all baryonic matter. The same expansion happens in the gigantic anti-baryonic cluster. Physical implications of the generalized gauge symmetry on charmonium confining potentials due to new SU_3c field equations, frequency shift of distant supernovae Ia and their experimental tests are discussed.

References

[1]

Hsu J P. Mod. Phys. Letts. A, 2011, 26: 1707. arXiv: 1106.2121[2] Hsu, J P. Chin. Phys. C, 2012 36(5): 403[3] Noether E, Goett. Nachr., 1918, 235. In German[4] HUANG K. Quarks, Leptons and Gauge Field. Singapore: World Scientific, 1982. 103-121, 241-242[5] Salam A and Ward J C, Phys. Letters, 1964, 13: 168[6] WU T-Y, Pauchy Hwang W-Y. Relativistic Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Fields. Singapore: World Scientific, 1991. Chpts. 12, 13 and 14[7] Marshak R E. Conceptual Foundations of Modern Particle Physics. Singapore: World Scientific, 1993. Ch. 2[8] Hsu J P. Euro. Phys. J. Plus., 2014, 129: 108[9] Hsu J P. Mod. Phys. Letts. A, 2014, 29: 1450031[10] Hsu J P. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1976, 36: 1515[11] Peebles P J E and Ratra B. Rev. Mod. Phys., 2003 75: 559 and references therein[12] Dyson F. Missed Opportunities. In: Hsu J P, Fine D. 100 Years of Gravity and Accelerated Frames, The Deepest Insights of Einstein and Yang-Mills. Singapore, World Scientific, 2005. 348[13] Hsu J P, Hsu L. Space-Time Symmetry and Quantum Yang-Mills Gravity. Singapore: World Scientific, 2013. 212-215, 225[14] Vlasov N A. Soviet Astronomy, 1965, 8: 715[15] Hsu J P. Int. J. Modern Phys. A, 2006, 21: 5119[16] Hsu J P, Kim S H. Euro. Phys. J. Plus, 2012, 127: 146[17] Gamba A, Marshak R E, Okubo S. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S., 1959, 45: 881[18] Eichten E, Gottfried K, Kinoshita T, Kought J, Lane K D, YAN T-M. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1975, 34: 369[19] WANG Q, KUANG Y P. In: WU Y L, Hsu J P. Symposium on the Frontiers of Physics at Millennium, Singapore, World Scientific, 2001. 51-59, 344-354[20] Chou K C, WU Y L. Phys. Rev. D, 1996, 53: R3492-R3496[21] Weinberg S. The Quantum Theory of Fields Vol. 2. London: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1996. 152-157[22] de Wet J S. Math. Proc. of the Cambridge Phil. Soc., 1948, 44: 546[23] Pais A, Uhlenbeck G E. Phys. Rev., 1950, 79: 145[24] Bopp F. Ann. d. Physik, 1940, 38: 345[25] Takeno Y. Prog. Theore. Phys., 1961, 26: 304[26] Bender C M, Mannheim P D. Phys. Rev. Letters, 2008, 100: 110402[27] Mannheim P D. Found. Phys., 2007, 37: 532[28] Bender C M, TAN B. J. Phys. A, 2006, 39: 1945[29] Hsu J P. Mod. Phys. Letters, 2014, 29: 1450120; Erratum and Addendum, 2014 {ibid}[30] Lee T D, YANG C N. Conservation of Heavy Particles and Generalized Gauge Transformations. In: Hsu J P, Fine D. 100 Years of Gravity and Accelerated Frames, The Deepest Insights of Einstein and Yang-Mills, Singapore, World Scientific, 2005. 155. See also p. 504.[31] Hsu J P and NING Z H. Cosmic Lee-Yang Force, Dark Energy and Accelerated Wu-Doppler Effect. In: Nester J M, CHEN C M, Hsu J P. Proc. of the VII Asia-Pacific Int. Conf. on Gravitation and Astrophysics, Singapore, World Scientific, 2007. 79[32] Olive K A et al (Partick Data Group). Chin. Phys. C, 2014, 38: 090001[33] Rothman T, Sudarshan, E C G. Doubt and Certainty. Reading, Mass., Helix Books, 1998. 214-264

[1]	Xue Pan , Yanhua Zhang , Lizhu Chen , Mingmei Xu , Yuanfang Wu . Finite-size behaviour of generalized susceptibilities in the whole phase plane of the Potts model. Chinese Physics C, 2018, 42(2): 023110. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/42/2/023110
[2]	Bao-Xi Sun , Da-Ming Wan , Si-Yu Zhao . The DD^* interaction with isospin zero in an extended hidden gauge symmetry approach. Chinese Physics C, 2018, 42(5): 053105. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/42/5/053105
[3]	Ran Ding , Zhi-Long Han , Li Huang , Yi Liao . Phenomenology of colored radiative neutrino mass model and its implications on cosmic-ray observations. Chinese Physics C, 2018, 42(10): 103101. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/42/10/103101
[4]	Jinn-Ouk Gong , Seong Chan Park . A minimal gauge inflation model. Chinese Physics C, 2018, 42(9): 095102. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/42/9/095102
[5]	Yue-Liang Wu . Maximal symmetry and mass generation of Dirac fermions and gravitational gauge field theory in six-dimensional spacetime. Chinese Physics C, 2017, 41(10): 103106. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/41/10/103106
[6]	. Erratum and Addendum: A unified model with a generalized gauge symmetry and its cosmological implications. Chinese Physics C, 2017, 41(12): 129101.
[7]	N. Salehi , H. Hassanabadi , A. A. Rajabi . A new model for calculating the binding energy of the lithium nucleus under the generalized Yukawa potential and Hellmann potential. Chinese Physics C, 2015, 39(6): 063106. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/39/6/063106
[8]	XIE Wei , WANG Ping . Unified Hamiltonian model for mesons and baryons. Chinese Physics C, 2015, 39(5): 053102. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/39/5/053102
[9]	WANG Dian-Fu , SUN Xiao-Yu , CHANG Xiao-Jing . Dynamical CP violation of the generalized Yang-Mills model. Chinese Physics C, 2011, 35(2): 130-134. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/35/2/004
[10]	LIU Wei , YUE Chong-Xing , SU Xue-Song , WANG Yong-Zhi . LHT model and Higgs boson production in association with a weak gauge boson at the LHC. Chinese Physics C, 2010, 34(10): 1565-1569. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/34/10/003
[11]	WANG Qing , WANG Shun-Zhi , ZHANG Ying . New gauge forces beyond the standard model. Chinese Physics C, 2010, 34(2): 277-286. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/34/2/025
[12]	DONG Jian-Min , ZHANG Hong-Fei , ZUO Wei , LI Jun-Qing . Unified fission model for proton emission. Chinese Physics C, 2010, 34(2): 182-185. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/34/2/005
[13]	ZHANG Hong-Fei , WANG Zu-Kai , CHENG Xi-Meng , LI Jun-Qing , . Alpha decay half-lives of heavy nuclei within a generalized liquid drop model. Chinese Physics C, 2009, 33(S1): 95-97. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/33/S1/031
[14]	WANG Xue-Lei , JIN Zhen-Lan , ZENG Qing-Guo . Production of the new gauge boson B_H via e^－ collision in the littlest Higgs model. Chinese Physics C, 2008, 32(3): 165-171. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/32/3/001
[15]	Chen Fengzhi , Guo Liang . Unified Model Accommodating Three Generations of Fermions. Chinese Physics C, 1995, 19(S3): 305-311.
[16]	Zheng Xite , Lei Chunhong , Li Yuliang , Chen Hong . Study of Higher Order Cumulant Expansion of U(l) Lattice Gauge Model at Finite Temperature. Chinese Physics C, 1993, 17(S3): 271-276.
[17]	Zheng Bo . A (l+l)-Dimensional Lattice U(l) Gauge Model and the Fermion Species Doubling. Chinese Physics C, 1990, 14(S3): 249-254.
[18]	Zheng Bo , Guo Shuohong . Exact Solution for a 1 + 1 Dimensional Lattice U (1) Gauge Model. Chinese Physics C, 1990, 14(S2): 163-167.
[19]	Zheng Bo , Guo Shuohong . A Solvable 1 + 1 Dimensional U(l) gauge model. Chinese Physics C, 1990, 14(S1): 65-69.
[20]	Luo Xiangqian , Chen Qizhou , Guo Shuohong . Vacuum State of 2+1 Dimensional SU(2) Lattice Gauge Theory With Fermions and Spontaneous Chiral Symmetry Breaking. Chinese Physics C, 1989, 13(S2): 157-164.

Access

Get Citation

Jong-Ping Hsu and Kazuo O. Cottrell. A unified model with a generalized gauge symmetry and its cosmological implications[J]. Chinese Physics C, 2015, 39(10): 105101. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/39/10/105101

RIS(for EndNote,Reference Manager,ProCite)

BibTex

Txt

Milestone

Received: 2015-01-20
Revised: 2015-04-03

Article Metric

Article Views(1730)
PDF Downloads(64)
Cited by(0)

Policy on re-use

To reuse of subscription content published by CPC, the users need to request permission from CPC, unless the content was published under an Open Access license which automatically permits that type of reuse.

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

A unified model with a generalized gauge symmetry and its cosmological implications

Corresponding author: Jong-Ping Hsu,

Corresponding author: Kazuo O. Cottrell,

Received Date: 2015-01-20

Accepted Date: 2015-04-03

Available Online: 2015-10-10

Abstract: A unified model is based on a generalized gauge symmetry with groups [SU_3c]_color × (SU₂× U₁) × [U_1b× U_1l]. It implies that all interactions should preserve conservation laws of baryon number, lepton number, and electric charge, etc. The baryonic U_1b, leptonic U_1l and color SU_3c gauge transformations are generalized to involve non-integrable phase factors. One has gauge invariant fourth-order equations for massless gauge fields, which leads to linear potentials in the [U_1b× U_1l] and color [SU_3c] sectors. We discuss possible cosmological implications of the new baryonic gauge field. It can produce a very small constant repulsive force between two baryon galaxies (or between two anti-baryon galaxies), where the baryon force can overcome the gravitational force at very large distances and leads to an accelerated cosmic expansion. Based on conservation laws in the unified model, we discuss a simple rotating dumbbell universe with equal amounts of matter and anti-matter, which may be pictured as two gigantic rotating clusters of galaxies. Within the gigantic baryonic cluster, a galaxy will have an approximately linearly accelerated expansion due to the effective force of constant density of all baryonic matter. The same expansion happens in the gigantic anti-baryonic cluster. Physical implications of the generalized gauge symmetry on charmonium confining potentials due to new SU_3c field equations, frequency shift of distant supernovae Ia and their experimental tests are discussed.

HTML

Reference (1)

A unified model with a generalized gauge symmetry and its cosmological implications

Abstract：

References

Access

Article Metrics

Metrics

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Email This Article