Back Article

A. Vilenkin, Phys. Rev. D 22, 3080 (1980)

D. E. Kharzeev, L. D. McLerran, and H. J. Warringa, Nucl. Phys. A 803, 227 (2008)

K. Fukushima, D. E. Kharzeev, and H. J. Warringa, Phys. Rev. D 78, 074033 (2008)

A. Vilenkin, Phys. Lett. 80, 150 (1978)

D. Kharzeev and A. Zhitnitsky, Nucl. Phys. A 797, 67 (2007)

J. Erdmenger, M. Haack, M. Kaminski et al., JHEP 01, 055 (2009)

N. Banerjee, J. Bhattacharya, S. Bhattacharyya et al., JHEP 01, 094 (2011)

Z. T. Liang and X. N. Wang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 102301 (2005) Erratum: [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 039901 (2006)]

B. Betz, M. Gyulassy, and G. Torrieri, Phys. Rev. C 76, 044901 (2007)

J. H. Gao, S. W. Chen, W. t. Deng et al., Phys. Rev. C 77, 044902 (2008)

X. G. Huang, P. Huovinen, and X. N. Wang, Phys. Rev. C 84, 054910 (2011)

F. Becattini, V. Chandra, L. Del Zanna et al., Annals Phys. 338, 32 (2013)

F. Becattini, L. Csernai, and D. J. Wang, Phys. Rev. C 88, 034905 (2013) [Erratum: Phys. Rev. C 93, 069901 (2016)]

L. Adamczyk et al. (STAR Collaboration), Nature 548, 62 (2017)

Z. T. Liang and X. N. Wang, Phys. Lett. B 629, 20 (2005)

S. Acharya et al. (ALICE Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 012301 (2020)

M. S. Abdallah et al. (STAR Collaboration), Nature 614, 244 (2023)

J. H. Gao, Z. T. Liang, S. Pu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 232301 (2012)

M. A. Stephanov and Y. Yin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 162001 (2012)

D. T. Son and N. Yamamoto, Phys. Rev. D 87, 085016 (2013)

J. W. Chen, S. Pu, Q. Wang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 262301 (2013)

C. Manuel and J. M. Torres-Rincon, Phys. Rev. D 89, 096002 (2014)

J. Y. Chen, D. T. Son, M. A. Stephanov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 182302 (2014)

J. Y. Chen, D. T. Son, and M. A. Stephanov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 021601 (2015)

Y. Hidaka, S. Pu, and D. L. Yang, Phys. Rev. D 95, 091901 (2017)

N. Mueller and R. Venugopalan, Phys. Rev. D 97, 051901 (2018)

A. Huang, S. Shi, Y. Jiang et al., Phys. Rev. D 98, 036010 (2018)

Y. Hidaka and D. L. Yang, Phys. Rev. D 98, 016012 (2018)

J. H. Gao, Z. T. Liang, Q. Wang et al., Phys. Rev. D 98, 036019 (2018)

J. H. Gao, J. Y. Pang, and Q. Wang, Phys. Rev. D 100, 016008 (2019)

Y. C. Liu, L. L. Gao, K. Mameda et al., Phys. Rev. D 99, 085014 (2019)

S. Lin and L. Yang, Phys. Rev. D 101, 034006 (2020)

J. H. Gao and Z. T. Liang, Phys. Rev. D 100, 056021 (2019)

N. Weickgenannt, X. L. Sheng, E. Speranza et al., Phys. Rev. D 100, 056018 (2019)

K. Hattori, Y. Hidaka, and D. L. Yang, Phys. Rev. D 100, 096011 (2019)

Z. Wang, X. Guo, S. Shi et al., Phys. Rev. D 100, 014015 (2019)

X. L. Sheng, Q. Wang, and X. G. Huang, Phys. Rev. D 102, 025019 (2020)

X. Guo, Chin. Phys. C 44, 104106 (2020)

S. Li and H. U. Yee, Phys. Rev. D 100, 056022 (2019)

X. L. Sheng, Q. Wang, and D. H. Rischke, Phys. Rev. D 106, L111901 (2022)

S. X. Ma and J. H. Gao, Phys. Lett. B 844, 138100 (2023)

X. L. Luo and J. H. Gao, JHEP 11, 115 (2021)

D. L. Yang, JHEP 06, 140 (2022)

L. Xiao-Li and G. Jian-Hua, Acta Phys. Sin. 72, 112503 (2023)

X. L. Luo, S. X. Ma, and J. H. Gao, JHEP 02, 031 (2026)

E. V. Gorbar, V. A. Miransky, I. A. Shovkovy et al., Phys. Rev. B 95, 205141 (2017)

S. Z. Yang, J. H. Gao, Z. T. Liang et al., Phys. Rev. D 102, 116024 (2020)

T. Hayata, Y. Hidaka, and K. Mameda, JHEP 05, 023 (2021)

K. Mameda, Phys. Rev. D 108, 016001 (2023)

S. Z. Yang, S. X. Ma, and J. H. Gao, Phys. Rev. D 112, 016001 (2025)

S. Z. Yang, J. H. Gao, and S. Pu, Phys. Rev. D 111, 036013 (2025)

Y. C. Liu, K. Mameda, and X. G. Huang, Chin. Phys. C 44, 094101 (2020) [Erratum: Chin. Phys. C 45: 089001 (2021)]

L. L. Gao, S. Kaushik, D. E. Kharzeev et al., Phys. Rev. B 104, 064307 (2021)

K. Mameda, N. Yamamoto, and D. L. Yang, Phys. Rev. D 105, 096019 (2022)

D. L. Yang, K. Hattori, and Y. Hidaka, JHEP 07, 070 (2020)

Z. Wang, X. Guo, and P. Zhuang, Eur. Phys. J. C 81, 799 (2021)

S. Bhadury, W. Florkowski, A. Jaiswal et al., Phys. Lett. B 814, 136096 (2021)

N. Weickgenannt, E. Speranza, X. l. Sheng et al., Phys. Rev. D 104, 016022 (2021)

G. Fauth, J. Berges, and A. Di Piazza, Phys. Rev. D 104, 036007 (2021)

S. Lin, Phys. Rev. D 105, 076017 (2022)

S. Fang, S. Pu and D. L. Yang, Phys. Rev. D 106, 016002 (2022)

Z. Wang, Phys. Rev. D 106, 076011 (2022)

N. Weickgenannt and J. P. Blaizot, Phys. Rev. D 111, 056006 (2025)

S. Lin and H. Tang, Phys. Rev. D 110, 074042 (2024)

S. Y. Wu and J. H. Gao, Phys. Rev. D 111, 036017 (2025)

N. Yamamoto, Phys. Rev. D 96, 051902 (2017)

X. G. Huang, P. Mitkin, A. V. Sadofyev et al., JHEP 10, 117 (2020)

K. Hattori, Y. Hidaka, N. Yamamoto et al., JHEP 02, 001 (2021)

M. Comadran and C. Manuel, Phys. Rev. D 109, 096003 (2024)

M. Comadran and C. Manuel, Phys. Rev. D 110, 096024 (2024)

J. H. Gao, G. L. Ma, S. Pu et al., Nucl. Sci. Tech. 31, 90 (2020)

J. H. Gao, Z. T. Liang, and Q. Wang, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 36, 2130001 (2021)

Y. C. Liu and X. G. Huang, Nucl. Sci. Tech. 31, 56 (2020)

Y. Jiang, X. Guo, and P. Zhuang, Lect. Notes Phys. 987, 167 (2021)

Y. Hidaka, S. Pu, Q. Wang et al., Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 127, 103989 (2022)

J. H. Gao, X. L. Sheng, Q. Wang et al., Acta Phys. Sin. 72, 112501 (2023)

U. W. Heinz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 351 (1983)

H. T. Elze, M. Gyulassy, and D. Vasak, Nucl. Phys. B 276, 76 (1986)

D. Vasak, M. Gyulassy, and H. T. Elze, Annals Phys.(N.Y.) 173, 462 (1987)

P. Zhuang and U. W. Heinz, Annals Phys. 245, 311 (1996)