Impact factor of Chinese Physics C is 3.6 in 2023 Impact factor of Chinese Physics C is 3.6 in 2022 2021 Impact Factor 2.944
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New approach to alpha decay and cluster radioactivity using an extended form of the Sextic potential
V.P. Ndzono, A. Zarma, P. MahTsila, J.M. Ema'aEma'a, P. EleAbiama, G.H. Ben-Bolie
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Abstract:
In this paper, we systematically investigate the α decay half-lives of 263 emitters in the \begin{document}$ 52\leq Z\leq 107 $\end{document} region and clusters: \begin{document}$ ^{14}C $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ ^{20}O $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ ^{23}Fe $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ ^{24, 25, 26}Ne $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ ^{28,30}Mg $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ ^{32, 34}Si $\end{document} in the presence of an extended form of the Sextic potential to describe the strong nuclear interaction between the daughter nucleus and the cluster in the parent nucleus using the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) method. We find nuclear potential parameters that explain the decay mechanism for each variety of cluster and show that this form of double-well potential provides an excellent description of the nuclear decay phenomenon. We highlight constraints between the potential parameters and the experimental data. Moreover, we emphasize in the importance of the coupling parameters of the nuclear potential in the nature of the preformed cluster. The results obtained are compared with experimental and literature data. Our results are in very good agreement with the experimental data.
Observational Signatures of Traversable Wormholes
Yiqian Chen, Lang Cheng, Peng Wang, Haitang Yang
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In this paper, we study the observational signatures of traversable Simpson-Visser wormholes illuminated by luminous celestial spheres and orbiting hot spots. We demonstrate that when light sources and observers are on the same side of the wormholes, the images of the wormholes mimic those of black holes. However, when the light sources are positioned on the opposite side from observers, photons traversing the wormhole throat generate distinct observational signatures. Specifically, unlike black hole images, the wormhole images are confined within the critical curve, resulting in smaller centroid variations. Furthermore, the light curve of hot spots can exhibit additional peaks.
Implication of shell quenching in the scandium isotopes around N=20
Rong An, Xiang Jiang, Na Tang, Li-Gang Cao, Feng-Shou Zhang
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Shell closure structures are commonly observed phenomena in nuclear charge radii throughout the whole nuclide chart. Inspired by the recent work that the abrupt change can be observed significantly in the charge radii of scandium isotopic chain across the neutron number N=20, we further review the underlying mechanism of the enlarged charge radii for 42Sc based on the covariant density functional theory. The pairing correlations are tackled by solving the state-dependent Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer equations. Meanwhile, the neutron-proton correlation around Fermi surface derived from the simultaneously unpaired proton and neutron is taken into account properly in describing the systematic evolution of nuclear charge radii. The calculated results suggest that the abrupt increase of charge radii across the N=20 shell closure seems to be improved along scandium isotopic chain if the strong neutron-proton correlation is expected appropriately.
Model for the Glauber-type calculations of beam fragmentation at low energies
A. N. Ismailova, Yu. L. Parfenova, P. G. Sharov, D. M. Janseitov
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The Glauber-type model for description nuclear fragmentation in light targets at the energies below 100 \begin{document}$A\cdot$\end{document}MeV is suggested. It is developed on the basis of the Glauber model within the nucleon transparent limit where the Lorentz invariant phase space factor is introduced to account for the energy and momentum conservation laws. The region of applicability of the model is discussed. The longitudinal momentum distributions of the most neutron rich nuclei, 10Be, 9Li, 8He, produced in few nucleon removal reactions in the 11B fragmentation in the Be target at the beam energies 10, 30, and 100 \begin{document}$A\cdot$\end{document}MeV are calculated. The results of the calculations are compared with predictions of statistical models of fragmentation such as the Goldhaber model. Within the new model, the asymmetric longitudinal momentum distributions at low energies are explained by the kinematical locus and geometry of the reaction.
Inferring a spinning black hole in an expanding universe via the S2 star around the Galactic Center
Jin-Tao Yao, Xin Li
Published:   , doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ad9304
Abstract:
The nearest black hole to Earth, Sagittarius A\begin{document}$ ^\star $\end{document} (Sgr A\begin{document}$ ^\star $\end{document}), with its intense gravitational field, provides a unique opportunity to explore black hole mysteries. Over the past few decades, monitoring of the S2 star has provided extensive valuable data that can be utilized to examine various gravity theories and black hole paradigms. This paper focuses on the most intriguing objects in astronomy, spinning black holes, and investigates the effects of spin on orbital motion. By applying the Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm to publicly available observational data of the S2 star, our findings indicate that current data fail to constrain the spin of Sgr A\begin{document}$ ^\star $\end{document}. Simulated stars with smaller semi-major axis reveal that the direction of Lense-Thirring precession aligns with the spin direction of Sgr A\begin{document}$ ^\star $\end{document}. Additionally, by incorporating the cosmological constant, which accounts for the expansion of the universe, into our analysis, we establish an upper limit of \begin{document}$ \Lambda \lesssim 7.3 \times 10^{-34} \text{ km}^{-2} $\end{document} on the cosmological constant at the \begin{document}$ 1\sigma $\end{document} confidence level. Future long-term monitoring of S-cluster stars, combined with enhanced observational precision, may enable the determination of the spin of Sgr A\begin{document}$ ^\star $\end{document} and further tighten the bound for cosmological constant.
An empirical formula of nuclear β-decay half-lives with the transition-strength contribution
L. Tian, W. F. Li, J. Y. Fang, Z. M. Niu
Published:   , doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ad9303
Abstract:
An empirical formula of nuclear β-decay half-lives is proposed by including the transition-strength contribution. It is found that the inclusion of the transition-strength contribution can reduce nuclear β-decay half-lives by about an order of magnitude, and its effect gradually increases toward the neutron-rich or heavy nuclear regions. For nuclear β-decay half-lives less than \begin{document}$1$\end{document} second, the empirical formula can describe the experimental data within about \begin{document}$2$\end{document} times, which can be more accurate than the sophisticated microscopic models. The transition-strength contribution can also be taken into account effectively by refitting the parameters of other empirical formulas without transition-strength term, but they still show remarkable deviations from the new empirical formula in the light or heavy neutron-rich nuclear regions. This indicates that the inclusion of the transition-strength contribution in the empirical formula is crucial for the global description of nuclear β-decay half-lives. The extrapolation ability of the new empirical formula is verified by the newly measured β-decay half-lives.
Precise constraint on properties of neutron stars through new universal relations and astronomical observations
Zehan Wu, Dehua Wen
Published:   , doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ad9301
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In view of the great uncertainty of the equation of state (EOS) of high-density nuclear matter, establishing EOS-independent universal relations between global properties of neutron stars provides a practical way to constrain the unobservable or difficult-to-observe properties through astronomical observations. It is common to construct universal relations between EOS-dependent properties (e.g., moment of inertia, tidal deformation, etc.) or combined properties (e.g., compactness). Improving the precision of the universal relations may provide stricter constraint on the properties of neutron star. We find that in 3-dimensional space with mass and radius as the base coordinates, the points corresponding to a certain property of neutron star described by different EOSs are almost located in the same surface. Thus the universal relation between the property and the stellar mass-radius can be expressed through describing the surface. It is shown that the resulting universal relations have higher precisions. As an example, we construct high-precision universal relations for the moment of inertia, the f-mode frequency, and the dimensionless tidal deformation respect to the mass-radius. As the observational data of neutron star mass and radius from NICER grows in data and accuracy, these universal relations allow for more precise constraints on the unobservable or difficult-to-observe properties.
Three-Nucleon Correlations in Light Nuclei Yields Ratios from AMPT Model for QCD Critical Point Investigation
Ning Yu, Zuman Zhang, Hongge Xu, Zhong Zhu
Published:   , doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ad9306
Abstract:
This research use the AMPT model in Au+Au collisions to study the influence of the three nucleons correlation \begin{document}$ C_{n^2p} $\end{document} on the light nuclei yield ratios. It is found that neglecting \begin{document}$ C_{n^2p} $\end{document} leads to an overestimated relative neutron density fluctuation extraction. Including \begin{document}$ C_{n^2p} $\end{document} will enhances the agreement with experimental results with higher yield ratios, yet it does not change the energy dependence of the yield ratio. Since there is no first-order phase transition or critical physics in the AMPT model, our work fails to reproduce the experimental energy-dependent peak around \begin{document}$ \sqrt{s_\text{NN}} = $\end{document}20-30 GeV. Our work might offer a baseline for investigating critical physics phenomena using the light nuclei production as a probe.
ρ meson form factors and parton distribution functions in impact parameter space
Jin-Li Zhang
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In this paper, we investigate the form factors and impact parameter space parton distribution functions of the ρ meson derived from the generalized parton distributions within the framework of the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model, employing a proper time regularization scheme. We compare the charge \begin{document}$G_C$\end{document}, magnetic \begin{document}$G_M$\end{document}, and quadrupole \begin{document}$G_Q$\end{document} form factors with lattice data. The dressed form factors, \begin{document}$G_C^D$\end{document} and \begin{document}$G_M^D$\end{document}, exhibit good agreement with lattice results; however, \begin{document}$G_Q^D$\end{document} is found to be harder than what is observed in lattice calculations. The Rosenbluth cross section for elastic electron scattering on a spin-one particle can be expressed through the structure functions \begin{document}$A(Q^2)$\end{document} and \begin{document}$B(Q^2)$\end{document}. Additionally, the tensor polarization \begin{document}$T_{20}(Q^2,\theta)$\end{document} can also be formulated in terms of these form factors. We analyze the structure functions \begin{document}$A(Q^2)$\end{document}, \begin{document}$B(Q^2)$\end{document} and tensor polarization function \begin{document}$T_{20}(Q^2,\theta)$\end{document}; our findings quantitatively align with predicted values across various limits. In impact parameter space, we examine parton distribution functions along with their dependence on longitudinal momentum fraction x and impact parameter \begin{document}$\boldsymbol{b}_{\perp}$\end{document}. The width distributions in impact parameter space reveal that the range of the charge distribution \begin{document}$ q_C(x,\boldsymbol{b}_{\perp}^2)$\end{document} is the most extensive. In contrast, the transverse magnetic radius falls within a moderate range, while the quadrupole distribution \begin{document}$q_Q(x,\boldsymbol{b}_{\perp}^2) $\end{document} demonstrates the narrowest extent.
Black hole tunneling in loop quantum gravity
Hongwei Tan, Rong-Zhen Guo, Jingyi Zhang
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In this paper, we investigate the Hawking radiation of the quantum Oppenheimer-Snyde black hole with the tunneling scheme by Parikh and Wilczek. We calculate the emission rate of massless scalar particles. Compared to the traditional results within the framework of General Relativity, our findings include quantum correction terms arising from loop quantum gravity effects. Following the approach in [1, 2], we establish the entropy of the black hole. This entropy includes a logarithmic correction, which arises from quantum gravity effects. Our result is consistent with the well-known result in the context of quantum gravity.
Measurements of decay branching fractions of the Higgs boson to hadronic final states at the CEPC
Xiaotian Ma, Zuofei Wu, Jinfei Wu, Yanping Huang, Gang Li, Manqi Ruan, Fábio L. Alves, Shan Jin, Ligang Shao
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The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is a large-scale particle accelerator designed to collide electrons and positrons at high energies. One of the primary goals of the CEPC is to achieve high-precision measurements of the properties of the Higgs boson, facilitated by the large number of Higgs bosons that can be produced with significantly low contamination. The measurements of Higgs boson branching fractions into \begin{document}$b\overline{b} /c\overline{c} /gg$\end{document} and \begin{document}$\tau\overline{\tau} /WW^{*} /ZZ^{*} $\end{document}, where the W or Z bosons decay hadronically, are presented in the context of the CEPC experiment, assuming a scenario with 5600 fb−1 of collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 240 GeV. In this study the Higgs bosons are produced in association with a Z boson, with the Z boson decaying into a pair of muons \begin{document}$(\mu^{+}\mu^{-})$\end{document}, which have high efficiency and high resolution. In order to separate all decay channels simultaneously with high accuracy, the Particle Flow Network (PFN), a graph-based machine learning model, is considered. The precise classification provided by the PFN is employed in measuring the branching fractions using the migration matrix method, which accurately corrects for detector effects in each decay channel. The statistical uncertainty of the measured branching ratio is estimated to be 0.55% in \begin{document}$H\to b\overline{b}$\end{document} final state, and approximately 1.5%-16% in \begin{document}$H\to c\overline{c} /gg/\tau\overline{\tau}/WW^{*} /ZZ^{*} $\end{document} final states. In addition, the main sources of systematic uncertainties to the measurement of the branching fractions are discussed.
Muon g − 2 with SU(2)L multiplets
Takaaki Nomura, Hiroshi Okada
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We propose a simple model to obtain sizable muon anomalous magnetic dipole moment (muon \begin{document}$ g-2 $\end{document}) introducing several \begin{document}$ S U(2)_L $\end{document} multiplet fields without any additional symmetries. The neutrino mass matrix is simply induced via type-II seesaw scenario in terms of \begin{document}$ S U(2)_L $\end{document} triplet Higgs with \begin{document}$ U(1)_Y $\end{document} hypercharge 1. In addition, we introduce an \begin{document}$ S U(2)_L $\end{document} quartet vector-like fermion with \begin{document}$ 1/2 $\end{document} hypercharge and scalar with \begin{document}$ 3/2 $\end{document} hypercharge. The quartet fermion plays a crucial role in explaining muon \begin{document}$ g-2 $\end{document} causing the chiral flip inside a loop diagram with mixing between triplet and quartet scalar bosons via the standard model Higgs. We show numerical analysis and search for allowed region in our parameter space, and demonstrate the collider physics.
Symmetry energy effect on hot nuclear matter and proto-neutron stars
Xuhao Wu, Peng-Cheng Chu, Min Ju, He Liu
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We examine the effects of symmetry energy on proto-neutron stars (PNSs) by employing equation of state (EOS) described by the relativistic mean-field (RMF) model. The thermal properties of dense matter and the bulk properties of PNSs are investigated under the assumptions of isothermy, isentropy, and fixed lepton fractions. The polytropic index is calculated at finite temperature, revealing a negative correlation with the PNS maximum mass that the EOS can support. The properties of PNSs during the heating and cooling stages along their evolution line are explored under different combinations of lepton fraction and entropy. We investigate the correlation between the symmetry energy slope L and the properties of PNSs. As L increases, the PNS radius also increases; however, this effect diminishes with a growing lepton fraction for the isentropic case. These results indicate that the nuclear symmetry energy and its density dependence play crucial roles in determining the properties of PNSs and their evolution stages.
Exploring percolation phase transition in the three-dimensional Ising model with machine learning
Ranran Guo, Xiaobing Li, Rui Wang, Shiyang Chen, Yuanfang Wu, Zhiming Li
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The percolation study offers valuable insights into the characteristics of phase transition, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms that govern the formation of global connectivity within the system. We explore the percolation phase transition in the 3D cubic Ising model by employing two machine learning techniques. Our results demonstrate the capability of machine learning methods in distinguishing different phases during the percolation transition. Through the finite-size scaling analysis on the output of the neural networks, the percolation temperature and a correlation length exponent in the geometrical percolation transition are extracted and compared to those in the thermal magnetization phase transition within the 3D Ising model. These findings provide a valuable way essential for enhancing our understanding of the property of the QCD critical point, which belongs to the same universality class as the 3D Ising model.
Fixing the AdS3 metric from the pure state entanglement entropies of CFT2
Peng Wang, Houwen Wu, Haitang Yang
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In this paper, based on RT formula, by identifying the pure state UV and IR entanglement entropies of a perturbed CFT2 with geodesic lengths in the bulk, we demonstrate that the dual geometry is uniquely determined to be asymptotically AdS3. The pure AdS3 geometry is recovered by taking the massless limit of the system. Our derivations hold in both static and covariant scenarios.
R2 corrections to holographic heavy quarkonium dissociation
Zhou-Run Zhu, Manman Sun, Rui Zhou, Jinzhong Han
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In this paper, we investigate the \begin{document}$R^2$\end{document} corrections to the dissociation of heavy quarkonium in the Gauss-Bonnet gravitational background. We analyze the impact of Gauss-Bonnet parameter \begin{document}$\lambda_{GB}$\end{document} on the spectral function of charmonium and bottomonium, and examine how \begin{document}$\lambda_{GB}$\end{document} affects the dissociation of heavy quarkonium. Our results show that \begin{document}$\lambda_{GB}$\end{document} reduces the peak height and increases the peak width of the spectral function, suggesting that \begin{document}$\lambda_{GB}$\end{document} enhances the dissociation of heavy quarkonium. We also discuss how the dissociation of heavy quarkonium varies with the ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density and find the dissociation will be easier in more perfect plasma. Additionally, we observe that the temperature decreases the peak height and widens the peak, thereby accelerating the dissociation.
Effects of nuclear deformation and surface polarization on proton-emission half-lives
Hanlin Wang, Zhen Wang, Dong Bai, Dongdong Ni, Zhongzhou Ren
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Proton radioactivity is known as an important method to investigate the characteristics of unstable neutron-deficient nuclei beyond the proton dripline. Based on the tunneling of one proton through the potential barrier formed by Woods-Saxon plus expanded Coulomb potentials, the half-lives of various proton emitters are calculated using distorted wave Born approximations. Particularly, deformation and nuclear surface polarization are considered in our calculation, and their effects on proton-emission half-lives are researched. An analytic relationship of spectroscopic factors with deformation and polarization is proposed as well, which significantly reduces the deviations of calculated half-lives from experimental data. Moreover, inspired by the newly experimental results for the first proton emitter discovered \begin{document}$ ^{53}\text{Co}^m $\end{document} [L. G. Sarmiento, et al., Nat. Commun. 14, 5961 (2023)], we calculate its two proton-emission branches and well interpret the partial half-lives. It is noteworthy that this high-spin isomer has some particular characteristics including diminutive spectroscopic factors and stronger daughter-proton interactions, which considerably enhance the effects of deformation and polarization.
Impact of quadrupole and hexadecapole deformations and associated orientations on a variety of asymmetric nuclear reactions
Diksha, Harshit Sharma, Manoj K. Sharma
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The present manuscript investigates the fusion-ER cross-sections for different projectile-target combinations, 16O + 148,150Nd, 165Ho, 194Pt, 18O+ 148Nd, 194Pt, 192Os, 19F + 188Os and \begin{document}$ ^{30}Si $\end{document} + \begin{document}$ ^{170}Er $\end{document} consisting of quadrupole (\begin{document}$ \beta_2 $\end{document}) and hexadecapole (\begin{document}$ \beta_4 $\end{document}) deformed target nuclei. The study analyzes the influence of higher-order deformations and corresponding orientation criterias adopted for the exploration of the dynamics of the considered nuclei. The influence of these parameters has been studied in terms of capture cross-section (\begin{document}$ \sigma_{cap} $\end{document}), Compound nucleus (CN) formation probability (\begin{document}$ P_{CN} $\end{document}), survival probability (\begin{document}$ W_{sur} $\end{document}), and the fusion-ER cross-sections across the center of mass energies (\begin{document}$ E_{c.m.} $\end{document}). The study recognizes the importance of the fission barrier in determining the survival probability (\begin{document}$ W_{sur} $\end{document}) of the compound nucleus and subsequently the ER cross-sections. A discrepancy among the calculated and experimental ER cross-sections is observed, particularly in reactions with lower fission barriers. In the reactions with a lower fission barrier of formed CN, the level density parameter ratio (\begin{document}$ a_f/a_n $\end{document}) for the fission and neutron-evaporation channels helps to address the experimental data.
One-loop analytical expressions for gg/γγ → ϕiϕj in Higgs Extensions of the Standard Models and its applications
Khiem Hong Phan, Dzung Tri Tran, Thanh Huy Nguyen
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General one-loop formulas for loop-induced processes \begin{document}$gg/\gamma \gamma \rightarrow \phi_i\phi_j$\end{document} with \begin{document}$\phi_i\phi_j = hh,~hH,~HH$\end{document} are presented in the paper. Analytic expressions evaluated in this work are valid for a class of Higgs Extensions of the Standard Models, e.g. Inert Doublet Higgs Models, Two Higgs Doublet Models, Zee-Babu Models as well as Triplet Higgs Models, etc. Analytic expressions for one-loop form factors are written in terms of the basic scalar one-loop two-, three- and four-point functions following the output format of both the packages \begin{document}$ {\tt LoopTools}$\end{document} and \begin{document}$ {\tt Collier}$\end{document}. Physical results can be hence evaluated numerically by using one of the mentioned packages. Analytic results are tested by several checks such as the ultraviolet finiteness, infrared finiteness of the one-loop amplitudes. Furthermore, the amplitudes also obey the ward identity due to massless gauge bosons in the initial states. This identity is also verified numerically in this work. In the applications, we present the phenomenological results for the investigated processes in the Zee-Babu model as a typical example in this report. In particular, production cross-section for the processes \begin{document}$\gamma \gamma\rightarrow hh$\end{document} are scanned over the parameter space of the Zee-Babu Models.
Reaction rate of the radiative p12C capture in the modified potential cluster model
S. B. Dubovichenko, N. A. Burkova, A. S. Tkachenko, A. Samratova
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The astrophysical S-factor of the 12C(p,γ0)13N reaction at energies from 25 keV to 5 MeV within the framework of a modified potential cluster model with forbidden states is considered. The experimental phase shifts resonant \begin{document}$ {\delta _{^2{S_{1/2}}}} $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ {\delta _{^2{P_{3/2}}}} $\end{document}, and non-resonant \begin{document}$ {\delta _{^2{D_{3/2}}}} $\end{document}at the energies up to Ec.m. =3 MeV are reproduced with high accuracy, which provides the appropriate agreement with the experimental data for the S-factor of 1950 -2023 years. Two sets of asymptotic constant are used: Set I refers to Cw = 1.30(2), and Set II refers to Cw = 1.37(1). Set I leads to the astrophysical factor S(25) = 1.34 ± 0.02 keV·b, which is in agreement with data by Skowronski et al., 2023 – 1.34 ± 0.09 keV·b; Set II gives S(25) = 1.49 ± 0.02 keV·b, which is in agreement with data by Kettner et al., 2023 – 1.48 ± 0.09 keV·b. The reaction rates of 12C(p,γ0)13N at temperatures T9 from 0.001 to 10 are calculated. The detailed comparison with some models, the R-matrix approach, and NACRE II data for reaction rates is considered.
Predictions for the synthesis of new superheavy nuclei with 252Cf target
Ming-Hao Zhang, Ying Zou, Mei-Chen Wang, Qing-Lin Niu, Gen Zhang, Feng-Shou Zhang
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The \begin{document}$ ^{252} {\rm{Cf}}$\end{document} isotope produced at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is a promising target material for the synthesis of new superheavy nuclei through fusion reaction experiments. Within the framework of the dinuclear system model, the reaction systems with the \begin{document}$ ^{252} {\rm{Cf}}$\end{document} target and the \begin{document}$ ^{48} {\rm{Ca}}$\end{document}, \begin{document}$ ^{45} {\rm{Sc}}$\end{document}, \begin{document}$ ^{50} {\rm{Ti}}$\end{document}, \begin{document}$ ^{51} {\rm{V}}$\end{document}, \begin{document}$ ^{54} {\rm{Cr}}$\end{document}, \begin{document}$ ^{55} {\rm{Mn}}$\end{document} projectiles are investigated for the synthesis of new isotopes \begin{document}$ ^{295-297} {\rm{Og}}$\end{document}, \begin{document}$ ^{292-294} {\rm{119}}$\end{document}, \begin{document}$ ^{297-299} {\rm{120}}$\end{document}, \begin{document}$ ^{298-300} {\rm{121}}$\end{document}, \begin{document}$ ^{301-303} {\rm{122}}$\end{document} and \begin{document}$ ^{302-304} {\rm{123}}$\end{document}. The decreasing trend of the maximal evaporation residue cross sections with the increasing proton number of the compound nucleus are discussed in the capture, fusion and survival stages. Additionally, the radioactive beam-induced reactions based on the \begin{document}$ ^{252} {\rm{Cf}}$\end{document} target are investigated to reach the predicted neutron shell closure N = 184, with the maximal evaporation residue cross section predicted to be 21 fb for synthesizing \begin{document}$ ^{302} {\rm{Og}}$\end{document}. The predicted results fall below the current detection limitation, indicating the necessity for advancement in both accelerator and detection techniques, as well as exploration of alternative reaction mechanisms.
Off-equatorial deflections and gravitational lensing. II. In general stationary and axisymmetric spacetimes
Xinguang Ying, Junji Jia
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In this work, we develop a general perturbative procedure to find the off-equatorial plane deflections in the weak deflection limit in general stationary and axisymmetric spacetimes, allowing the existence of the generalized Carter constant. Deflections of both null and timelike rays, with the finite distance effect of the source and detector taken into account, are obtained as dual series of \begin{document}$M/r_0$\end{document} and \begin{document}$r_0/r_{s,d}$\end{document}. These deflections allow a set of exact gravitational lensing equations from which the images' apparent angular positions are solved. The method and general results are then applied to the Kerr-Newmann, Kerr-Sen, and rotating Simpson-Visser spacetimes to study the effect of the spin and characteristic (effective) charge of the spacetimes and the source altitude on the deflection angles and image apparent angles. It is found that, in general, both the spacetime spin and charge only affect the deflections from the second non-trivial order, while the source altitude influences the deflection from the leading order. Because of this, it is found that, in gravitational lensing in realistic situations, it is hard to measure the effects of the spacetime spin and charge from the images' apparent locations. We also presented the off-equatorial deflections in the rotating Bardeen, Hayward, Ghosh, and Tinchev black hole spacetimes.
Sub-barrier Fusion Cross Sections: Role of Pauli Blocking and Isospin Asymmetry
Weiwen Deng, Kaixuan Cheng, Chang Xu
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Heavy-ion fusion reaction is relevant to a number of important issues not only in stellar environment but also in the synthesis of new nuclides and superheavy elements. In this work, the role of Pauli blocking and isospin effect in sub-barrier fusion reactions is investigated within the well established coupled-channels method. An isospin-dependent Pauli blocking potential is proposed to better address the deep sub-barrier fusion hindrance problem. It is found that the Pauli blocking effect manifests itself strongly for isospin symmetric targets and is reduced for targets with large isospin asymmetries. The agreement between experimental and theoretical fusion cross sections is improved for both 12C-target and 16O-target systems.
Friedmann’s Universe Controlled by Gauss-Bonnet Modified Gravity
F. dos Anjos, M. Novello
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We consider a Lagrangian to describe gravity using a nonlinear term depending on the Gauss-Bonnet invariant. We examine the conditions for a bouncing and the existence of an ulterior accelerated phase of the Universe.
Soft pattern of gravitational Rutherford scattering from heavy target mass expansion
Yu Jia, Jichen Pan, Jia-Yue Zhang
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We investigate the soft behavior of the tree-level Rutherford scattering processes mediated via t-channel one-graviton exchange. We consider two types of Rutherford scattering processes, e.g., a low-energy massless structureless projectile (up to spin-1) hits a static massive composite particle carrying various spins (up to spin-2), and a slowly-moving light projectile hits a heavy static composite target. The unpolarized cross sections in the first type are found to exhibit universal forms at the first two orders in \begin{document}$ 1/M $\end{document} expansion, yet differ at the next-to-next-to-leading order, though some terms at this order still remain universal or depend on the target spin in a definite manner. The unpolarized cross sections in the second type are universal at the lowest order in projectile velocity expansion and through all orders in \begin{document}$ 1/M $\end{document}, independent of the spins of both projectile and target. The universality partially breaks down at relative order-\begin{document}$ v^2/M^2 $\end{document}, albeit some terms at this order still depend on the target spin in a specific manner.
Solving bound-state equations for scalar and hybrid QCD in two-dimensional spacetime
Xiaolin Li, Yu Jia, Ying Li, Zhewen Mo
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We investigate the bound-state equations in two-dimensional QCD in the \begin{document}$ N_c\to \infty $\end{document} limit. We consider two types of hadrons, an exotic "meson" (which is composed of a bosonic quark and a bosonic anti-quark), and an exotic "baryon" (composed of a fermionic quark and a bosonic antiquark). Using the Hamiltonian operator approach, we derive the corresponding bound-state equations for both types of hadrons from the perspectives of the light-front quantization and equal-time quantization, and confirm the known results. We also present a novel diagrammatic derivation for the exotic "meson" bound-state equation in the equal-time quantization. The bound-state equation for the exotic baryons in the equal-time quantization in two-dimensional QCD is new. We also numerically solve various bound-state equations, obtain the hadron spectrum and the bound-state wave functions of the lowest-lying states. We explicitly demonstrate the pattern that as the hadron is boosted to the infinite-momentum frame, the forward-moving bound-state wave function approaches the corresponding light-front wave function.
粒子理论
The unstable mode of the net-baryon density near the spinodal decomposition region
Shanjin Wu
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This paper investigates the conserved net-baryon multiplicity fluctuations near the spinodal decomposition region based on the stochastic diffusion equation, model B. The convex anomaly in the spinodal region induces the unstable mode and the correlation function dominates at harder mode. The unstable mode results in oscillating behavior of second-order multiplicity fluctuations with increasing spatial interval. This oscillating behavior of multiplicity fluctuations with respect to acceptance may indicate the existence of the convex anomaly of spinodal decomposition.
Neutrino observables in gauged U(1)Lα−Lβ models with two Higgs doublet and one singlet scalars
Yuanchao Lou, Takaaki Nomura
Published:  
Abstract:
We discuss neutrino sector in models with two Higgs doublet and one singlet scalar fields under local \begin{document}$ U(1)_{L_\alpha- L_\beta} $\end{document} symmetry. A neutrino mass matrix is formulated for these models where the matrix is generated via type-I seesaw mechanism introducing right-handed neutrinos. The neutrino mass matrix has more degrees of freedom compared to minimal scenarios which have only one new scalar field, but its structure is still restricted by the symmetry. Then it is find that sum of neutrino mass can be lower than minimal scenarios and it is easier to satisfy observed constraints. In addition, we can fit neutrino data for \begin{document}$ U(1)_{L_e - L_{\mu(\tau)}} $\end{document} cases which are disfavored in minimal models. Furthermore, some correlations among sum of neutrino mass and CP violating phases are still found although we have more free parameters.
天体理论
Geometric Constraints via Page Curves: Insights from Island Rule and Quantum Focusing Conjecture
Ming-Hui Yu, Xian-Hui Ge
Published:  
Abstract:
Exploring the inverse problem tied to the Page curve phenomenon and island paradigm, we investigate the geometric conditions underpinning black hole evaporation where information is preserved and islands manifest, giving rise to the characteristic Page curve. Focusing on a broad class of static spherical symmetry black hole metrics in asymptotically Minkowski or (anti-)de Sitter spacetimes, we derive a pivotal constraint: the second derivative of blacken factor \begin{document}$ f^{\prime \prime}(r_h)<\frac{6 \kappa A^{\prime}(r_h)}{cG_N} $\end{document} for which the island exists and reproduce the Page curve. On the other hand, starting from the quantum focusing conjecture theory, we obtain another constraint on the blacken factor: \begin{document}$ f^{\prime \prime}(r_h)< \frac{6 \kappa^2 r_h A^{\prime}(r_h) e^{2\kappa r_{\star}(b)} }{cG_N f(b)} $\end{document} that the theory can be satisfied. In particular, by studying these two constraints, we find that a common properties. Specifically, we reveal that a universally criterion – manifested in the negativity of the second derivative of \begin{document}$ f(r) $\end{document}, i.e. \begin{document}$ f^{\prime \prime} (r)<0 $\end{document}, in proximity to the event horizon where \begin{document}$ r \sim r_h+ {\cal O} (G_N) $\end{document}, ensures the emergence of Page curves and follows the quantum focusing conjecture in a manner transcending specific theoretical models. Finally, we argue that the negativity of the second derivative of the blacken factor \begin{document}$ f(r) $\end{document} near the event horizon strongly indicates negative heat capacity, which implies that black holes with a negative heat capacities must have islands and satisfy the quantum focusing conjecture.
Chinese Physics C
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