Effective Potential and Topological Photon Spheres: A Novel Approach to Black Hole Parameter Classification

[1]
Goswami R, Joshi PS, Singh P. Quantum evaporation of a naked singularity. Physical review letters. 2006 Jan 27;96(3): 031302.
[2]
Christodoulou D. The instability of naked singularities in the gravitational collapse of a scalar field. Annals of Mathematics. 1999 Jan 1;149(1): 183-217.
[3]
Joshi PS, Dwivedi IH. Naked singularities in spherically symmetric inhomogeneous Tolman-Bondi dust cloud collapse. Physical Review D. 1993 Jun 15;47(12): 5357.
[4]
Pugliese D, Quevedo H. Naked singularities and black hole Killing horizons. InNew Frontiers in Gravitational Collapse and Spacetime Singularities 2024 May 3 (pp. 337-373). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
[5]
Goswami R, Joshi PS. Spherical gravitational collapse in N dimensions. Physical Review D—Particles, Fields, Gravitation, and Cosmology. 2007 Oct 15;76(8): 084026.
[6]
Ghosh A. Study of Orbital Dynamics in Singular and Regular Naked Singularity Space-times. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2401.10771. 2024 Jan 19.
[7]
Wang M, Guo G, Yan P, Chen S, Jing J. The images of a rotating naked singularity with a complete photon sphere. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2307.16748. 2023 Jul 31.
[8]
Joshi PS, Bhattacharyya S. Primordial naked singularities. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2401.14431. 2024 Jan 24.
[9]
Chen Y, Wang P, Yang H. Observations of Orbiting Hot Spots around Naked Singularities. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2309.04157. 2023 Sep 8.
[10]
Virbhadra KS. Naked singularities and Seifert’s conjecture. Physical Review D. 1999 Oct 27;60(10): 104041. Deliyski V, Gyulchev G, Nedkova P, Yazadjiev S. Observing naked singularities by the present and next-generation Event Horizon Telescope. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2401.14092. 2024 Jan 25.
[11]
Viththani DP, Joshi AB, Bhanja T, Joshi PS. Particle motion and tidal force in a non-vacuum-charged naked singularity. The European Physical Journal C. 2024 Apr;84(4): 1-0.
[12]
Mosani K, Dey D, Joshi PS. Strong curvature naked singularities in spherically symmetric perfect fluid collapse. Physical Review D. 2020 Feb 15;101(4): 044052.
[13]
Acharya K, Pandey K, Bambhaniya P, Joshi PS, Patel V. Naked singularity as a possible source of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2303.16590. 2023 Mar 29.
[14]
Goswami R, Joshi PS. Gravitational collapse of an isentropic perfect fluid with a linear equation of state. Classical and Quantum Gravity. 2004 Jul 9;21(15): 3645.
[15]
Akiyama, Kazunori, et al., The Astrophysical Journal Letters 875.1, L5 (2019)
[16]
Abbott, B. P., et al., Physical Review X 9.3, 031040 (2019)
[17]
Abbott BP, Abbott R, Abbott T, Abernathy MR, Acernese F, Ackley K, Adams C, Adams T, Addesso P, Adhikari RX, Adya VB. Observation of gravitational waves from a binary black hole merger. Physical review letters. 2016 Feb 12;116(6): 061102.
[18]
Akiyama, Kazunori, et al., The Astrophysical Journal Letters 875.1, L6. 041301 (2019)
[19]
Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration. ”First M87 event horizon telescope results. IV. Imaging the central supermassive black hole.” arXiv preprint arXiv: 1906.11241 (2019).
[20]
Akiyama, Kazunori, et al., The Astrophysical Journal Letters 875.1, L6 (2019)
[21]
Cunha, Pedro VP, Carlos AR Herdeiro, and Eugen Radu, Physical Review D 96.2, 024039 (2017)
[22]
Carballo-Rubio, Raúl, and Astrid Eichhorn. ”Black hole horizons must be veiled by photon spheres.” arXiv preprint arXiv: 2405.08872 (2024).
[23]
Cardoso, Vitor, et al. ”Light rings as observational evidence for event horizons: long-lived modes, ergoregions and nonlinear instabilities of ultracompact objects.” Physical Review D 90.4 (2014): 044069. Cardoso V, Miranda AS, Berti E, Witek H, Zanchin VT. Geodesic stability, Lyapunov exponents, and quasinormal modes. Physical Review D—Particles, Fields, Gravitation, and Cosmology. 2009 Mar 15;79(6): 064016.
[24]
Wei, Shao-Wen, Physical Review D 102.6, 064039 (2020)
[25]
Sadeghi J, Afshar MA, Gashti SN, Alipour MR. Thermodynamic topology and photon spheres in the hyperscaling violating black holes. Astroparticle Physics. 2024 Apr 1;156: 102920.
[26]
Sadeghi J, Afshar MA. The role of topological photon spheres in constraining the parameters of black holes. Astroparticle Physics. 2024 Jun 9: 102994.
[27]
Sekhmani Y, Gashti SN, Afshar MA, Alipour MR, Sadeghi J, Rayimbaev J. Thermodynamic topology of Black Holes in $ F (R) $-Euler-Heisenberg gravity's Rainbow. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2409.04997. 2024 Sep 8.
[28]
Gashti SN, Afshar MA, Alipour MR, Sekhmani Y, Sadeghi J, Rayimbaeva J. Thermodynamic Topology of Kiselev-AdS Black Holes within f (R, T) gravity. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2410.02262. 2024 Oct 3.
[29]
Cunha, Pedro VP, and Carlos AR Herdeiro, Physical Review Letters 124.18, 181101 (2020)
[30]
Cunha, Pedro VP, Emanuele Berti, and Carlos AR Herdeiro, Physical review letters 119.25, 251102 (2017)
[31]
A Poincaré section is a lower-dimensional subspace of the state space of a continuous dynamical system that intersects a periodic orbit transversally and maps the points of intersection as a discrete dynamical system.
[32]
Y. S. Duan, The structure of the topological current, SLAC-PUB-3301, (1984).
[33]
Akiyama K, Alberdi A, Alef W, Asada K, Azulay R, Baczko AK, Ball D, Baloković M, Barrett J, Bintley D, Blackburn L. First M87 event horizon telescope results. II. Array and instrumentation. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2019 Apr 10;875(1): L2. Savolainen T, Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration. First M87 event horizon telescope results. II. Array and instrumentation. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2019 Apr 10;875(1): 2.Akiyama K, Alberdi A, Alef W, Algaba JC, Anantua R, Asada K, Azulay R, Bach U, Baczko AK, Ball D, Baloković M. First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope results. I. The shadow of the supermassive black hole in the center of the Milky Way. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2022 May 12;930(2): L12.
[34]
Iftikhar S. Optical properties of a non-commutative rotating black hole. The European Physical Journal C. 2023 Feb;83(2): 1-1. Li GP, Zheng HB, He KJ, Jiang QQ. The shadow and observational images of the non-singular rotating black holes in loop quantum gravity. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2410.17295. 2024 Oct 22.
[35]
Mishra AK, Chakraborty S, Sarkar S. Understanding photon sphere and black hole shadow in dynamically evolving spacetimes. Physical Review D. 2019 May 15;99(10): 104080. Bisnovatyi-Kogan GS, Tsupko OY, Perlick V. Shadow of black holes at local and cosmological distances. arXiv preprint arXiv: 1910.10514. 2019 Oct 22.
[36]
Fathi M, Olivares M, Villanueva JR. Spherical photon orbits around a rotating black hole with quintessence and cloud of strings. The European Physical Journal Plus. 2023 Jan;138(1): 1-26. Teo E. Spherical photon orbits around a Kerr black hole. General Relativity and Gravitation. 2003 Nov;35: 1909-26.
[37]
Morgan P. An algebraic approach to Koopman classical mechanics. Annals of Physics. 2020 Mar 1;414: 168090.
[38]
Wei SW, Liu YX, Mann RB. Black hole solutions as topological thermodynamic defects. Physical Review Letters. 2022 Nov 4;129(19): 191101.
[39]
Wei SW, Liu YX, Mann RB. Universal topological classifications of black hole thermodynamics. Physical Review D. 2024 Oct 15;110(8): L081501.
[40]
D Wu, Wu SQ. Topological classes of thermodynamics of rotating AdS black holes. Physical Review D. 2023 Apr 15;107(8): 084002.
[41]
D Wu, Gu SY, Zhu XD, Jiang QQ, Yang SZ. Topological classes of thermodynamics of the static multi-charge AdS black holes in gauged supergravities: novel temperature-dependent thermodynamic topological phase transition. Journal of High Energy Physics. 2024 Jun;2024(6): 1-35.
[42]
Zhu XD, Liu W, D Wu. Universal thermodynamic topological classes of rotating black holes. Physics Letters B. 2024 Nov 29: 139163.
[43]
Zhu XD, D Wu, Wen D. Topological classes of thermodynamics of the rotating charged AdS black holes in gauged supergravities. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2402.15531. 2024 Feb 22.
[44]
Liu W, Zhang L, D Wu, Wang J. Thermodynamic topological classes of the rotating, accelerating black holes. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2409.11666. 2024 Sep 18.
[45]
D Wu, Liu W, Wu SQ, Mann RB. Novel Topological Classes in Black Hole Thermodynamics. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2411.10102. 2024 Nov 15.
[46]
Chen H, D Wu, Zhang MY, Hassanabadi H, Long ZW. Thermodynamic topology of phantom AdS black holes in massive gravity. Physics of the Dark Universe. 2024 Dec 1;46: 101617.
[47]
Sadeghi J, Gashti SN, Alipour MR, Afshar MA. Bardeen black hole thermodynamics from topological perspective. Annals of Physics. 2023 Aug 1;455: 169391.
[48]
Alipour MR, Afshar MA, Gashti SN, Sadeghi J. Topological classification and black hole thermodynamics. Physics of the Dark Universe. 2023 Dec 1;42: 101361.
[49]
Sadeghi J, Afshar MA, Gashti SN, Alipour MR. Thermodynamic topology of black holes from bulk-boundary, extended, and restricted phase space perspectives. Annals of Physics. 2024 Jan 1;460: 169569.
[50]
Sadeghi J, Alipour MR, Gashti SN, Afshar MA. Bulk-boundary and RPS Thermodynamics from Topology perspective. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2306.16117. 2023 Jun 28.
[51]
Sadeghi J, Afshar MA, Gashti SN, Alipour MR. Topology of Hayward-AdS black hole thermodynamics. Physica Scripta. 2024 Jan 4;99(2): 025003.
[52]
Wu, Di, The European Physical Journal C 83.5, 365 (2023)
[53]
Wu, Di, The European Physical Journal C 83.7, 589 (2023)
[54]
Wu, Di, Physical Review D 108.8, 084041 (2023)
[55]
Wu, Di, Physical Review D 107.2, 024024 (2023)
[56]
Lonappan, Anto I., et al. ”Bayesian evidences for dark energy models in light of current observational data.” Physical Review D 97.4 (2018): 043524. (2009): 195011.
[57]
Ade, Peter AR, et al., Astronomy, Astrophysics 571, A1 (2014)
[58]
Carroll, Sean M. Dark Matter, Dark Energy: The Dark Side of the Universe. Parts 1, 2. Teaching Company, 2007.
[59]
Rubin, Vera C., W. Kent Ford Jr, and Norbert Thonnard. ”Rotational properties of 21 SC galaxies with a large range of luminosities and radii, from NGC 4605/R= 4kpc/to UGC 2885/R= 122 kpc.” Astrophysical Journal, Part 1, vol. 238, June 1, 1980, p. 471-487. 238 (1980): 471-487.
[60]
Persic, Massimo, Paolo Salucci, and Fulvio Stel, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 281.1, 27 (1996)
[61]
Akiyama, Kazunori, et al., The Astrophysical Journal Letters 875.1, L6 (2019)
[62]
Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration. ”First M87 event horizon telescope results. IV. Imaging the central supermassive black hole.” arXiv preprint arXiv: 1906.11241 (2019).
[63]
Bertone, Gianfranco, and Dan Hooper, Reviews of Modern Physics 90.4, 045002 (2018)
[64]
Liang, Xi ao, et al., The European Physical Journal C 83.11, 1009 (2023)
[65]
Abbas, G., and R. H. Ali, The European Physical Journal C 83.5, 1 (2023)
[66]
Das, Anish, Ashis Saha, and Sunandan Gangopadhyay, Classical and Quantum Gravity 38.6, 065015 (2021)
[67]
Yu, Qin, Qi Xu, and Jun Tao, Communications in Theoretical Physics 75.9, 095402 (2023)
[68]
Ruffini, Re mo, Yuan-Bin Wu, and She-Sheng Xue, Physical Review D 88.8, 085004 (2013)
[69]
Magos, Daniela, and Nora Breton, Physical Review D 102.8, 084011 (2020)
[70]
Ye, Xu, et al., Chinese Physics C 46.11, 115102 (2022)
[71]
Ma, Shi-Jie, et al. ”Euler-Heisenberg black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter.” arXiv preprint arXiv: 2401.03187 (2024).
[72]
Bardeen, James. ”Non-singular general relativistic gravitational collapse.” Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Gravitation and the Theory of Relativity. 1968.
[73]
Ayon-Beato, El oy, and Alberto Garcia, Physical review letters 80.23, 5056 (1998)
[74]
Ayón-Beato, Eloy, and Alberto Garcıa, Physics Letters B 493.1-2, 149 (2000)
[75]
Gao, Changjun, Physical Review D 104.6, 064038 (2021)
[76]
Claudel, Clarissa-Marie, Kumar Shwetketu Virbhadra, and George FR Ellis, Journal of Mathematical Physics 42.2, 818 (2001)
[77]
Guo, Sen, et al., Classical and Quantum Gravity 38.16, 165013 (2021)
[78]
Wei, Shao-Wen, et al., Physical Review Research 5.4, 043050 (2023)
[79]
Heydarzade, Yaghoub, and Vitalii Vertogradov. ”Dynamical Photon Spheres in Charged Black Holes and Naked Singularities.” arXiv e-prints (2023): arXiv-2311.
[80]
Franzin, Edgardo, Stefano Liberati, and Vania Vellucci, Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2024.01, 020 (2024)
[81]
Koga, Yasutaka, et al., Physical Review D 105.10, 104040 (2022)
[82]
Grandclément, Philippe. ”Light rings and light points of boson stars.” Physical Review D 95.8 (2017):
[83]
Hod, Shahar, Physics Letters B 776, 1 (2018)
[84]
da Silva, Luís F. Dias, et al., Physical Review D 108.8, 084055 (2023)
[85]
Koga, Yasutaka, and Tomohiro Harada, Physical Review D 100.6, 064040 (2019)
[86]
Cunha, Pedro VP, Carlos AR Herdeiro, and João PA Novo, Physical Review D 109.6, 064050 (2024)
[87]
Mosani, Karim, Dipanjan Dey, and Pankaj S. Joshi, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 504.4, 4743 (2021)
[88]
Virbhadra, Kumar Shwetketu, and George FR Ellis. ”Schwarzschild black hole lensing.” Physical Review D 62.8 (2000): 084003. Virbhadra, K. S. ”Relativistic images of Schwarzschild black hole lensing.” Physical Review D 79.8 (2009): 083004.
[89]
Afshar MA, Sadeghi J. Mutual Influence of Photon Sphere and Non-Commutative Parameter in Various Non-Commutative Black Holes: Part I-Towards evidence for WGC. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2411.09557. 2024 Nov 14.
[90]
Alipour MR, Afshar MA, Gashti SN, Sadeghi J. Weak Gravity Conjecture Validation with Photon Spheres of Quantum Corrected AdS-Reissner-Nordstrom Black Holes in Kiselev Spacetime. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2410.14352. 2024 Oct 18.
[91]
Afshar MA, Sadeghi J. Mutual Influence of Photon Sphere and Non-Commutative Parameter in Various Non-Commutative Black Holes: Part I-Towards evidence for WGC. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2411.09557. 2024 Nov 14.
[92]
Afshar MA, Sadeghi J. Black Hole Orbit Classification: The Synergistic Effects of Cloud Strings, Gauss-Bonnet Terms, and Non-Commutative Parameters in Identifying WGC candidate Models: WGC as WCCC protector. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2412.00079. 2024 Nov 26. Afshar MA, Sadeghi J. Mechanisms Behind the Aschenbach Effect in Non-Rotating Black Hole Spacetime. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2412.06357. 2024 Dec 9.